Grammar Questions

<ol>
<li>It is surprising (about the organizing of unions, which has gone on for a century and) only one-fourth of the American work force is unionized.</li>
</ol>

<p>a) the same
b) when a century of efforts at organizing unions have passed,
c) that, after a century of efforts to organize unions,
d) even thoug ha century of union organizing has passed, yet
e) with unions' efforts to be organized taking place for a century, that</p>

<p>First of all, what kind of error is this? I know B and D are wrong. But what's wrong with A and E?</p>

<ol>
<li>The ruling of the court requires a clarifying statement about (loan applicants and how you judge they are being treated unfairly)
a) the same
b) standards for determining unfair treatment of loan applicants
c) unfair treatment standards in regard to loan applicants
D) the standards when judging unfair treatment for loan applicants
E) loan applicants and how unfair treatment of them can be determined</li>
</ol>

<p>I know A is wrong. But what is wrong with all the other choices? Can you explain why each error is incorrect? That will help me so much!</p>

<ol>
<li> [Opposite to] the opinion of several respected library critics, Jane Austen [does not make] good taste or manners in themselves sure [signs of] virtue [in her characters]. </li>
</ol>

<p>The error is A, opposite to. Is it an idiomatic error? Also doesn't this sentence sound weird in general?</p>

<p>Also last question, how do you spot a parallelism error that's not really blatantly obvious (like in an easy list format..). I usually get those wrong and once I check over them, I see the problem. Do you guys have any tips, tricks, ideas? :D
Example of less-subtle parallelism problems would be this: Because Roberto wants (to help preserve marine life), he intends (on declaring) marine biology (as) his major when he (begins college) next fall. (No error)</p>

<ol>
<li><p>You can rule out A, B, D and E all because it should be “It is surprising that…”
It is ______ that…
(i.e. it is interesting that…, it is fantastic that…, etc.)
Not sure what kind of error it is though</p></li>
<li><p>Is the answer for this B?
C is wrong because “unfair treatment standards” doesn’t make sense
D is wrong because it should be "the standards /for/ judging unfair treatment /of/ loan applicants
E is wordy because of the “of them” and also logically doesn’t make sense because it means the court requires a statement about loan applicants in general AND about unfair treatment</p></li>
<li><p>This question is kind of weird, yeah. Where is it from?
But imo it should be changed “Contrary to”</p></li>
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