<p>Taking advantage of the opportunities is the key here. </p>
<p>We can take the example of a hypothetical Sam. He is the typical prospective Ivy League student. Strong grades, solid SAT score, unstinting in manueuvering himself into leadership positions for his ECs. </p>
<p>Scenario one</p>
<p>He made a typo on the college application saying that he spent 300 hours a month on being Class President rather than 30 hours. The adcoms sees that as carelessness, an exaggeration, or worse, being disingenuous. Only one school, UTA didn’t look at his ECs or essay because his scores were just too stellar for them to bother. </p>
<p>After quickly getting over the depression, at the lower-than-match school, getting research opportunities would be easier for Sam. His grades will likely be great, and he has good life chances.</p>
<p>Scenario two</p>
<p>Sam writes an essay that rehashes his transcript. HYP are unimpressed, but Cornell is willing to take a chance on a potentially typical high-performing student. He is also accepted to Berkeley and UNCCH. He decides on Cornell. </p>
<p>Sam now is with other high performers, and doesn’t stand out as much. He will have to compete harder, and his grades will inevitably be lower. However, the research chances at Cornell are on average, better. So he has more options but the options are harder to apply to.</p>
<p>Scenario three</p>
<p>Sam’s dad was the state chair for the re-election of the President. Sam precinct walked, organized rallies, put up posters, and finally met with Barack Obama. Making a strong impression on the President, the rubicund Sam gets a business card of his Chief of Staff. </p>
<p>Upon applying for college, he takes out the business card. He calls and it is the President. </p>
<p>…</p>
<p>“Hi, you must be Sam, the person who helped my victory in the swing state of Chappaquiddick. Did I mention that I used to be the President of Harvard Law School?” </p>
<p>“Thank you. I was wondering if you could write me a letter of rec for Harvard?”</p>
<p>“Sure. My pleasure. What is your full name, phone number…”</p>
<p>Harvard receives the letter of recommendation, a glowing review of Sam and they tell the adcom team not to read the rest of Sam’s application. Not that they would dare to offend the President.</p>
<p>Sam is now with the best. He is in touch with so many friends in high places, he doesn’t need to worry about getting high grades or applying for research/leadership positions.</p>