<p>OP, could you be more specific? What field? What level of post-graduate degree (master's or PhD)?</p>
<p>I will say generally that for PhD programs that are research-based, the admissions committee members are looking for people capable of doing research--just as Mollie posted. That's what it's all about. Research experience may vary by field. Best you contact your profs to determine what types of research experience grad schools in your field are looking for: Long-term in one lab, varied experience in different labs settings, research internships in industry or government labs, etc.</p>
<p>The best recommendations come from researchers who are capable of speaking in detail to a student's research skills. That doesn't mean a stellar recommendation says "This is the best student I have encountered in years"; rather, "This student's research experience thus far is the best our school has produced in years." Initiative, independence, and perseverence are qualities that committee members like to see; so are working well and playing nice with others. (If you're getting research experience now, try to focus on letting your supervisors see those qualities in you.) If that track record can be backed up with evidence (conference presentations, awards, publications, etc.), then so much the better--although, again, this may vary by field; it may be harder to get published, say, as an undergrad in some fields than others.</p>
<p>When it comes times to get your recs, you'll give a "cheat sheet" to your recommenders listing your accomplishments. Talk to them about the recs. You may want different recommenders to speak to different aspects of you. </p>
<p>A couple of things to keep in mind about recommendations. Have a few solid recs you can count on and a few more in reserve. (Profs sometimes take sabbaticals and can be hard to reach when the time comes.) Ask upperclassmen which profs are good recommenders. (Profs get busy, and you don't want someone who's late on the draw and rushed at deadline.) Which profs have a solid track record for writing recs that got students in your department into top grad schools?</p>
<p>It's a good idea to get some experience yourself in your underclassman years with recommenders. Which ones worked for you? Which ones wrote recs that got you that coveted internship? that competitive research position? </p>
<p>Look at a school like Olin. They're brand new yet having spectacular success getting their students into great grad programs. I suspect that has a lot to do with something a prof at my son's college told me about how they got their students into grad school when the school was brand new 40-50 years ago: The rec letters made all the difference. Profs had to convince grad schools that their students were capable of doing research, so that's exactly what their recs did.</p>
<p>(p.s. WilliamC is right!)</p>