Instructors' attitudes affect student achievement and achievement gap, according to study

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http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/2/eaau4734

https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/02/huge-study-finds-professors-attitudes-affect-students-grades/

In the study using courses in STEM subjects at Indiana University, some instructors believed that intelligence is fixed (“fixed”), while others disagreed (“growth”).

The “growth” instructors’ students did better overall, and had smaller achievement gaps.

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In the study, “fixed” versus “growth” mindset among instructors was found to be uncorrelated to the instructors’ gender, age, tenure status, length of time teaching, race or specific STEM subject.

However, student surveys of instructors found that those with “growth” mindset got more positive reviews for “motivate you to do your best work”, “emphasize learning & development”, and “likely … to recommend this course with this instructor”. Students with “fixed” mindset instructors reported slightly more time spent.