I would hope that everyone posting could agree on several factors that can and often do contribute to eventual professional success. The following list is hardly all inclusive. Personal drive, intellectual ability, family resources and support, access to academic opportunity, luck, etc.
The availability or lack of these resources often creates a pathway towards personal and professional outcomes.
Reasonable people will tend to agree that a child born into poverty faces obstacles that a high socio economic kid likely won’t face. A child blessed with great intellectual ability will be more likely to thrive then a child not as blessed and so on.
At the same time our collective experience thankfully proves that humans have the capacity to surpass and overcome any and all limitations and obstacles.
Prestigious schools tend to be a touch point for kids who have either benefited throughout their lives from having experienced many of these positive factors or who have successfully overcome shortcomings or hardship. Elite schools go out of their ways to attract the well connected, highly motivated, proven track record, along with those amazing kids who have overcome challenges and risen to to the top. This intersection of talent and societal leverage is what these institutions are built upon.
Consequently those kids that attend these prestigious institutions tend to disproportionately achieve professional success. They are pre vetted and then offered amazing resources and are surrounded by like minded and motivated peers and a network of alum. They incrementally benefit as graduates by a society that “recognizes” their credentials as high achievers with access to other high achievers.
So yes it helps to attend an elite but it is hardly a guarantee. The individual and circumstances still matter as a determinant of outcome.
Conversely we thankfully live in a society in which you don’t need to attend a specific school or be born with money to thrive and can overcome health or family challenges and hard work is often as important as book smarts. While it is a recent realization by i banks and consulting firms that the top students at a state school may (and often do) outperform bottom quartile kids from Ivies that understanding is now not just understood but being acted upon.
Once again I will use the term pathways. A kid who has checked every societal box of achievement and has access to resources along the way will invariably have an easier time getting into an “elite” profession. Conversely the path for an amazingly talented but under credentialed graduate will likely be more challenging but hardly insurmountable.
The good news is that we are experiencing a time when elite schools have broadened access to their campuses based on potential for achievement and employers are digging deeper into applicant pools looking at the individual vs credential. Simply put you don’t need to attend an elite college to succeed but it likely helps in my opinion. The reason it helps however is mostly a function of it serving as a data point on a path that others can now follow or join by virtue of hard work, talent and intellect.
Sorry for the long winded post but as I read through the thread it occurred to me that many of the comments that appeared divergent were not in fact mutually exclusive. Lastly a shout out to @itsgettingreal21 who has helped my thoughts on this subject evolve over time.