At top MBA programs, a lot of times the entering students had jobs in strategy consulting, finance (IB, hedge funds, private equity, venture capital, etc.) or tech companies (often in program management roles).
Many MBAs post their incoming class profile on the website. At HBS, 15% of incoming students were working in consulting before beginning; 11% worked in financial services, 15% worked in high tech/communications, and 15% in venture capital/private equity. That’s 56% of the entering class in those four sectors.
At Wharton, 23% of the incoming class worked in consulting, 11% in investment banking, 10% in private equity/venture capital, and 6% in technology. That’s 50% of the class. An additional 13% worked in investments or other financial services.
At Stanford, 16% come from consulting, 16% from private equity or venture capital, 15% from technology, and 8% from financial services. That’s 55% of the class.
Of course that means, though, that 35-45% of the class comes from other fields. Government, healthcare, education, energy, real estate, entertainment, and consumer goods/retail are other areas people commonly work before starting the MBA program.
Humanities and social science majors can get jobs in nearly all of those fields with their majors. It kind of depends. Elite school graduates often end up in top investment banks and strategy consulting firms - their major doesn’t matter as much as where they went to college. But even in other smaller consulting agencies or across the other represented fields a person with a humanities or social science major can easily find themselves doing something meaningful and returning for an MBA later.