<p>“there is something inherently wrong with giving a group of people an advantage simply because of the color of their skin.”</p>
<p>You’re absolutely right, and I really wish that we lived in a world in which all people were equal, and differences in skin color were only differences in skin color. But you know that’s not the case. Like it or not, thanks to racial prejudice throughout history, and particularly the history of this great nation, almost everything encountered in life is racialized. As a result of the legacy of societal and cultural distinctions based on race, Blacks are simply treated differently than whites in America today, independent of socioeconomic status. </p>
<p>It’s difficult for me to give specific examples, because it’s just so embedded within our culture and our history, but let me try to sketch this out. Blacks are arrested much more frequently than whites, and that’s not because all police officers are secretly Klansmen. There’s a very powerful, almost unconscious, cultural idea that Blacks, especially poor and young Black men, are associated with gangs, violence, drugs, crime, lack and even disdain for education, and defiance of authority. That idea is incredibly racist, and really disadvantages young Black men; all other things being equal, an employer who is aware of this stereotype is going to be less likely to hire a young Black men than a young white man. The young Black man applying for the job may not be involved in a gang, violence, or anything else, but his race is associated with it, so all that baggage is part of how others (in this case the potential employer) view him. I’m sure if the employer knew him very well as a person, the stereotype would matter less, but if the employer is just going off a job application? No matter what, the very fact the stereotype exists means the Black applicant has to compensate for that, which profoundly disadvantages him compared to the white applicant. Of course, white people commit crimes too, but “white” seems like such a default and all-encompassing identity that it’s not tainted by these associations and stereotypes the same way that Black is.</p>
<p>I’d like to point out, though, that though the stereotype is incredibly racist, the fact is that crime is much higher in poor Black communities. But why is this? Is it just because Black people are inherently criminal? Of course not. It’s due to social factors like crushing poverty, lack of employment prospects, bad schools, and so on. Those social factors, moreover, are the results of our historically racist policies. Why do so many Black families live in inner-city ghettoes? It’s not because they went there to smoke crack and live off welfare checks. In the early- to mid-20th century, there was a massive migration of Blacks from the South (why so many Blacks in the South? Oh right, slavery!), partially escaping Jim Crow laws, who moved into urban centers of industry and manufacturing in the North and Midwest, such as Baltimore and Detroit. Of course, white people (who were overtly racist) wouldn’t let non-whites live right next door to them, so they had settle to ghettoes. And as more Blacks came into the cities, whites fled to the suburbs. And when Blacks tried to move to the suburbs…white homeowners refused to sell them houses and banks refused to finance their loans. The government eventually stepped with the Civil Rights Acts of the 1960s and forced whites to allow blacks into their communities, and whites protested vehemently. When Martin Luther King, Jr., the hero of the civil rights era, went to the Chicago suburbs to encourage whites to allow Blacks to live in their towns, people shouted “Shoot the ■■■■■■■■ So Blacks, even those with money, had to stay in the hollowed-out inner cities, which soon became full of crime and drugs. They were denied the American Dream that whites were allowed, and this was only 30-40 years ago. The legacies have not gone away.</p>
<p>This is not to deny the importance of socio-economic status for both whites and blacks. It’s wrong to claim that a unemployed Black man in inner-city Baltimore and an upper-middle class Black lawyer in an affluent suburb have the same experiences of life simply because they’re both Black. But it’s equally wrong to claim that only socio-economic status matters and race plays no role. Both race and socio-economic class (and let’s throw in gender while we’re at it) structure the way that we experience the world, and you have to consider all of them when considering any of them. It’s important to consider socio-economic status, but you can’t just discount race. They both matter.</p>
<p>P.S. If anyone reading this is at all interested in these ideas, I’d recommend you check out this excellent book I’m reading for my sociology class, “Killing the Black Body” ([Amazon.com:</a> Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty (9780679758693): Dorothy Roberts: Books](<a href=“http://www.amazon.com/Killing-Black-Body-Reproduction-Meaning/dp/0679758690/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1300785297&sr=8-1]Amazon.com:”>http://www.amazon.com/Killing-Black-Body-Reproduction-Meaning/dp/0679758690/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1300785297&sr=8-1)), which examines the intersection of gender and race when it comes to reproductive rights.</p>