Must " reform" equal charter schools?

<p>With respect to the results, I think that 38% of the kids passing the 2010 English test vs. 29% in Harlem overall shows pretty good performance, particularly since HCZ is a geographically bounded school, which gets rid of most of the selection bias issues. (I suspect that given the really extensive services offered at HCZ that go far beyond schooling that there might even be some reverse selection bias: perhaps families who aren’t particularly interested in their academic program sign up anyway because of all the benefits that come along for free outside of the school day.)</p>

<p>But there are other programs in Harlem that are definitely doing better, and I agree with the concern that HCZ is a very, very expensive program that might not be worth replicating as a model. But, given that the extra funding has come largely from grants and outside philanthropists, it is still an interesting experiment.</p>

<p>The problems with pinning so many hopes on charter schools is that doing so essentially has nothing to do with what makes good schooling. Charters are a matter of governance. Good education is not. Whether schools are charter, public, or private, the education can be lousy. Governance and educational quality are very much two separate problems—who governs the school is different than what the school provides educationally, and the public conversation constantly confuses them. Separate them out and you’d be much more likely to find scalable answers to the lousy education most kids get (and yes, I include the schooling in many affluent suburbs in that category as well as the) in the cities and rural areas. </p>

<p>Quality education is not simple, but we already know a lot of the answers: decent facilites, supplies and books, no watered down curriculums, enough non-academic things (sports, music, art), physical security and safety, and of course, teachers who know their subjects AND believe in their students ( I always believed that this last is one of the reasons Catholic schools often tend to be a bit better. They really are—to steal a phrase from th Blues Brothers-- on a mission from God) </p>

<p>Does governance determine any of the above? I submit that it does far less than people think. Its less a matter of blaming lazy parents or dumb students or greedy teachers unions than putting the pieces together that allow these things to happen, and they can and have happened in a variety of different schools. Not easily and not enough, but they happen. </p>

<p>And as for using the wretched NY city/state tests as valid comparisons for anything, as in the HCZ story, nobody here in New York who knows anything thinks those tests are worth a barrel of warm spit.</p>

<p>Okay, so some disclosure. I have been extremely involved in the Los Angeles Unified School District for over 20 years as a parent including in serving on district task forces, school-based governance councils, parent associations, etc. I am intimately acquainted with the good, the bad and the ugly in LAUSD. After graduating college, my daughter joined Teach for America, taught one year for LAUSD, was laid off along with hundreds of teachers after her first year and then went to work teaching for one of the top-performing charters in L.A. She also worked for the California Charter School Association while in college. So I feel pretty well-acquainted with the charter school movement and the education reform movement.</p>

<p>There are some very successful charter schools in L.A. They are producing results in neighborhoods where the traditional schools have a high drop-out rate, etc. It’s not because the kids are so much better off. My daughter teaches middle school. She’s had pregnant kids, kids who are getting involved in the worst gangs in the country, etc. Most of her kids don’t have fathers living at home. They are in one of the poorest areas in Los Angeles. The concept that the kids in charters (at least here) have so much more going for them because they somehow got there is exaggerated. This particular charter school does not kick kids out easily at all because they know the student will fall through the cracks afterward. Here is what I think makes the difference:</p>

<p>Yes, the teachers matter. They are carefully selected. I have sat on interview committees at my son’s high school. We look at resumes, interview and maybe check references and then we hire and hope for the best, knowing we can’t get rid of the person if we made a mistake. At this charter, people interview, they teach a class there while being observed, they submit a video of a lesson plan that was done in front of real kids. They interview a second time (I believe.) It’s not easy to get hired and you are not automatically there the next year. You have to get results or you will be replaced. The hours are long, the school year is longer, the culture of achievement and hard work that is promoted to the students is also one that exists among the faculty. Yes, they work too hard and I think that’s an issue for successful charter schools, but look at what they are trying to do. My daughter is taking kids for whom English is a second language, who are way behind in literacy, who live in homes without books, without enough resources, and trying to put them on the same level as kids who have more. That doesn’t come without hard work. </p>

<p>Secondly, successful charter schools often have a successful partnership with the private sector. That fosters accountability, allows them to often have special programs or facilities, enables them to do more. It would be nice if private businesses wanted to partner with a traditional Los Angeles public high school, but it would be foolish. The money would get lost in the vast accounts and bureaucracy of LAUSD and there is not enough control. Charters allow the private sector to get involved and to know where their money is going. It’s a win/win. </p>

<p>Thirdly, the school is autonomous and can do what it deems is best for its particular population of students and teachers. This is huge. LAUSD serves many hundreds of thousands of students and the geographical area it spans is so vast that it takes about an hour to drive from one end to the other with absolutely no traffic. Everything is one-size fits all. As a result, schools often feel that they are working with one hand tied behind their back. They want to do something and the district prevents it. They can’t make their own decisions on matters related to grading, calendars, length of school days, discipline policies, etc. even if they have a great idea about what might work. It’s paralyzing and the reason that some schools have petitioned to go charter and chosen to leave the district. In addition, so much money never gets to the students because it takes so much money to run a centralized bureaucracy. It’s demoralizing. While some charter schools may waste money, and all are obviously not good, with good management, the money can go farther and teachers can be paid a competitive salary. </p>

<p>It might be different, and I imagine it is, in a small district like the one I grew up in that had one high school and four K-8 schools. Of course, there would be far less need for charters and far more accountability. But in large school districts, the solution to the achievement gap is very hard to centralize and carry out. Also, there are competing interests – parents of gifted students, parents of special ed students, parents who value the arts, union interests, etc. Everyone has their agenda. A charter school can meet a more narrow agenda for a smaller group of students. </p>

<p>One last thing. Here in L.A., the charter school movement is helping LAUSD schools because it’s forcing the district to be more flexible and forcing them to think a little bit more outside the box. In fact, a few reform-minded people have managed to sneak in and are bringing some good energy with them. When the toughest high school in L.A. is given to a charter school organization to run, and violent incidents dramatically decrease, it becomes harder for the district to say there is nothing that can be done and it can bring about some change. That’s a good thing.</p>

<p>BigAppleDaddy – You’re right – charters are a form of governance, and governance per se doesn’t equate to effective education. </p>

<p>I see the charter value in four areas:

  1. Agility. I worked with our local school district for years, and even when they know and appreciate that they have a problem, it takes them years and years to pull together a plan to try and deal with it. Refrigerated molasses runs faster. Because charters bring governance down to a much lower level, they’re able to respond much more quickly.
  2. Focus. Most charters have a specific focus – it could be the population they choose to serve (kids who’ve been through the juvenile court system, English Language Learners, autistic children, low income urban kids,…) or it could be the model they use (KIPP, Montessori, Expeditionary Learning, Core Knowledge, IB, Language Immersion, …) They don’t try to be all things to all people, which too many regular schools do, very, very poorly.<br>
  3. Staffing: Most (but not all) charter schools have control over their staffing. They can choose who to hire, and who to let go. Usually they can choose their own salary structures. They usually aren’t bound by seniority agreements, and often have much more flexibility in work scheduling. Most of all, if someone isn’t working out, charters don’t have to keep the person. Charter schools don’t generally play the “dance of the lemons.” The hiring piece is crucial: If you can seek out staff members who are both talented and committed to your school’s particular approach and population, you have a real advantage over schools that end up with teachers randomly bumped into a school by seniority. Great teachers make a huge difference. Great charter schools hire excellent teachers and have learned how to mentor and grow great teachers.
  4. Resource allocation: Charters are usually free to determine how they allocate their budgets. A charter school that sees a need for more direct reading intervention could choose to eliminate the custodian and spend less on administration in order to generate enough to add a reading specialist. Most regular public schools don’t get this flexibility.</p>

<p>I think that our regular public schools have far too much upper management at the district level, and reforms that would put much more authority back into the hands of principals and local school committees would be a big improvement – but this kind of flexibility has generally been exactly what the teacher unions have fought tooth and nail.</p>

<p>edited to add: I see mimk6 just posted a similar response, but with a lot more detail. I completely agree.</p>

<p>mimk6, we should talk. I am your counterpart in terms of involvement in an urban district (not for twenty years, though, only for eight). I even have a daughter who was in TFM, still teaching! Can I PM you?</p>

<p>Sure, levrim. Happy to talk.</p>