<p>Let me try to help. First, some background that is relevant - I'm from India too, I grew up there, went to IIT (which your mother cited) and am now the mother of a child applying to college this year. My elder daughter is in college, in her sophomore year at Harvard.</p>
<p>I did a LOT of reading about US college admissions because I sensed the process was very different from India, and of course radically different from IIT, which only looks at your JEE results. I have since applied what I learned, for several years, to privately estimate what type of school a student whose record I am intimately familiar with (not just grades and test scores) would get into, and find my estimates are pretty close. Note I didn't say 'which school' - that's an important distinction.</p>
<p>In the US, for the top schools like Stanford (and ONLY for those schools), admissions is holistic and therefore subjective and therefore outcomes are somewhat random. Which is why I said one can accurately predict what type of school a student will get into, but not which school. </p>
<p>To be specific about a school of Stanford's caliber, let's assume a profile of a middle-class student, who is not first gen college, who is not a legacy or a targeted minority or a recrruited athlete, who has attended a reasonably good school. What matters for this applicant? There are lots of shades of grey, but here's what generally keeps you in the game, but doesn't make you stand out - </p>
<p>i) Grades - they need to be generally As, in the hardest curriculum your school offered
ii) Test scores - usually over 750 on SAT I and Subject Tests</p>
<p>What makes you stand out amongst the many applicants with that profile (remember, all the elements of the profile I mentioned earlier matter - middle class, not legacy etc)</p>
<p>i) great recs
ii) ECs where you show you have a passion and have pursued to some depth</p>
<p>Change the profile, and what will make you stand out changes. If you are a Math Olympiad winner, you have already demonstrated passion for your subject, and don't need a stellar EC, but you probably need to show you do something other than study.</p>
<p>Hope that helps</p>