Need confirmation for Writing questions

**I dont have the answer key to these questions, thats why i’m posting this.

Kihansi spray toads are born fully formed but very tiny, [each] small enough to sit on the gead of a pin.
(A) each
(B) each is
© each of them is
(D) each of them are
(E) they are each

**“each of which” is not here, now what?

Guidance counselors generally advise that, when applying for a job or scholarship, [do not forget] to submit a persobalized cover letter along with your resume.
(A) do not forget
(B) not to forget not
© not forgetting
(D) you not forget
(E) your not forgetting

The Fuller Building, better known as the Flatiron Building, became one of the tallest buildings in New York City upon its completion in 1902.

The mayor was concerned that unless averting a strike, many of the city’s essential services would be suspended, perhaps for serveral days.

Under pressure of her constituents, the governor has asked that a number of tax reformer measures be passed during the current legislative session.

After a long career performing with the rock band Queen, guitarist Brian May resumed his studies in astrophysics, completing the docotral disseration that he has begun some 30 years earlier.

When being interviewed for a job, you should emphasize what you can do for the employer rather than what can the employer do for you.

In 1808 representatives of a Liverpool museum approached William Swinson and requested that he published a pamplet on collecting and presercing zoological specimens.

Thomas Pynchon reportedly agreed to allow his novel Gravity’s Rainbow to be adapted as a opera on the condition that the music be written for a single instrument: the banjo.

That a major art magazine would devote an entire issue to Hassan’s sculpturs is evidence of the considerable interest that his work has generated.

In Elizabethan society, both men and women were prohibited to wear clothing that was considered too extravagant for their social ranks.

More than 30 years [since writing it], Carson McCullen’s autobiography, Illumination and Night Glare, was finally published in 1999.
(A) since writing it
(B) since it was written
© since she wrote it
(D) after writing it
(E) after it was written

Startled by the canoe’s approach, the ducks suddenly took [flight, their wings flapped] wildly as they struggled to lift themselves above the surface of the lake.
(A) flight, their wings flapped
(B) flight, their wings flapping
© flight, they flapped their wings
(D) flight; flapped their wings
(E) flight; flapped their wings

B, C, D, E all form comma splices so you can rule them out.

(D) subjunctive: verbs like advise, require, suggest, recommend can be followed by “that” + “base form of verb.” “Mr. Jordan suggests that Cheryl eat a bag of hot dogs.”

No error.

(B) Unless a strike was averted or unless he averted a strike.

(A) Under pressure from

(D) began or had begun

(D) the employer can

(C) that he publish (subjunctive again)

No error (and hilarious if true)

No error

(B) from wearing

(B)–the rest are modifier errors

(B)

How come the one before the last question isnt E ?? It modifies the biography and makes a complete meaning that after 30 years, it was finally published

Oh–my mistake! It is definitely E and not B. “Since” requires perfect tense, rendering (B) inadmissible. (E) it is–nice catch, @gameplayer1234!

@marvin100 how come “each of which” is valid for some of the questions, but “each of them” is not. I understand that for the first question, “each” would make the last part a dependent clause.

@marvin100 @gameplayer1234
Can you clarify why the last one is B, because it looks like a comma splice.

@SpaceX - it’s not a comma splice because the part after the comma contains no verb (“flapping” is a participle). Like this: I stood at the prow of the Titanic, my arms spread wide and my glorious locks rippling in the breeze.

@SpaceX look at the choices and understand them.A and C connect two indep with a comma, comma splice. D and E, the second clause is dep and cant stand alone. B is the only answer choice that doesnt break any rule. The other part in choice B is not an indep clause btw so you dont think it is a comma splice

I understand the differences now, thank you. @marvin100 and @gameplayer1234