I’ll answer your question from two POVs - one as the student with no debt after graduating, and one as the parent grappling with a similar issue.
Very long ago, I went to the college that I had a full-ride scholarship to. I was very thankful that I didn’t graduate with any debt, since my parents didn’t pay a dime for school (but I was bought a used car for HS graduation, which I used to move myself into my dorm by myself). It really allowed my decisions about my future to not be overshadowed with a debt cloud hanging over my head. I did end up taking out federal loans for grad school, and I was comfortable with that since I didn’t have undergrad loans to worry about. But I also always wondered if things would have been different if I’d gone with the other school, and that question stays with me to this day. I didn’t have a great experience at the college I went to, I guess that’s why I question it. It was too big, and in today’s parlance it was not “my people,” but back in those days that wasn’t really the prevailing mindset in terms of deciding where to go to school. Was it the right decision? I do think it was ultimately the right decision to go to school for free. But my parents couldn’t/wouldn’t pay for school, so I kind of feel it was the only realistic option available to me. I’m sure that experience now colors my approach to college decisions for my own child, I’m cognizant of that.
Fast forward to now, and what a parent on CC these days hears about is “fit” and finding the best one for their student. Out of our options, my kid clearly has a best fit school (based on admitted student day visits). Unfortunately, it will cost $260+K more than the 2nd choice school. That is fungible money that can go to help out in young adulthood, setting them up very nicely for decades to come. But these formative years during undergrad are only available now, there are no do-overs. I feel in our case that the best fit school will offer support and friendships that will be much harder to find in the 2nd choice school due to school size and “their people.” It’s not an all-or-nothing scenario, since I’m sure there will be some people who would become good friends even at the 2nd choice school. The final decision is still pending, but we are currently leaning toward the best fit school right now despite the increased cost, though TBH there is daily flip-flopping. It seems that gut feeling is winning out over the numbers for us at the moment. Emotions are irrational but remain embedded in memories even if you can reason your way to the most rational decision, and those memories are persistent.
A couple years back when I went to a financial presentation about paying for college, the advisor was vehemently against taking out loans greater than the expected first year salary upon graduation. He felt that up to that one year salary amount was a reasonable proposition, FWIW. I know some people want their kids to have some “skin in the game” and would elect for their kids to take out loans. I don’t think there’s a best approach that’s universal for everyone. Individual situations, strengths and weaknesses of the student, really preclude a single solitary best approach.
My kid spent time recently at the 2nd choice school to see what it would feel like, including going to a Physics 2 lecture for engineering majors. Strangely, the lecture was entirely review material from IB Physics HL my kid took last semester! I have to say, that did not inspire confidence in the program for my kid. There was no opportunity to compare apples to apples with the 1st choice school, but that school has a strong reputation for rigor, somewhat overly so.
Good luck to you in your family’s decision, I know it’s a tough one!
ETA: Just to add about the rigor part - my kid actually loves learning new things, and for the past 12 years has been largely surrounded by other kids who really don’t care about academics much. Being in a school with other kids who actually are into school/academics will be a huge change, and I fear our 2nd choice school would just be more of the same past 12 years.