Personality differences between those who go to large national colleges vs small liberal arts?

This is getting silly. You removed the word “engineering” from the engineering school majors/departments you listed. Only 3.1% of Cornell Engineering students are enrolled in Engineering Physics and Materials Science Engineering. The other 97% are enrolled in other engineering fields or CS, and are obviously the primary drivers for the high overall PhD rate compared to other Cornell colleges. The previous NCES stats and reports from other selective colleges suggest CS students as a whole have a lower PhD rate than engineering students, so I also doubt that 14% of students enrolled in CS are the primary driver. Instead the 82% of students enrolled in other engineering fields are almost certainly the dominant force for the high Cornell Engineering PhD rate compared to other Cornell colleges.