Prologue
- structuralism
- functionalism
- Wilhelm Wundt
- psychology
- Nature v. Nurture, Continuity v. Discontinuity, Stability v. Change, (define each ‘debate/issue’ relative to human behaviors in personality and/or development)
- neuroscience
- evolutionary psychology
- behavior genetics
- psychodynamics
- behavioral psychology
- cognitive psychology
- social-cultural psychology
- basic research vs. applied research </p>
<p>Chapter 1
14. hindsight bias
15. overconfidence
16. critical thinking
17. theory
18. hypothesis
19. operational definition
20. replication
21. steps in order of the scientific method
22. case study
23. debrief (debriefing)
24. false consensus effect
25. population
26. random sample
27. naturalistic observation
28. correlation coefficient
29. scatter plots
30. relationship between correlation and causation
31. illusory correlation
32. experiment
33. double-blind procedure
34. placebo effect
35. experimental condition
36. control condition
37. randomly assigning
38. independent variable vs. dependent variable (can be on one card)
39. measures of central tendency: mode mean median
40. measures of variation: range and standard deviation
41. statistical significance</p>
<p>Chapter 2
42. neurons
43. axon
44. dendrite
45. myelin sheath
46. action potential
47. threshold
48. synapse
49. examples of major neurotransmitters
50. endorphins
51. central nervous system vs. peripheral nervous system
52. sensory neurons
53. inter neurons
54. motor neurons
55. somatic nervous system
56. autonomic nervous system
57. sympathetic nervous system
58. parasympathetic nervous system
59. reflexes
60. Neuroimaging techniques (EEG, CT, PET, MRI)
61. brainstem
62. medulla
63. reticular formation
64. thalamus
65. cerebellum
66. limbic system
67. amygdala
68. hypothalamus
69. cerebral cortex
70. four lobes of the brain (Frontal parietal occipital and temporal)
71. Broca’s area
72. Wernicke’s area
73. endocrine system
74. hormones</p>
<p>Chapter 3
75. chromosomes
76. DNA
77. genes
78. genome
79. natural selection
80. gender
81. fraternal twins
82. identical twins
83. temperament
84. nature vs. nurture debate
85. culture
86. norms
87. personal space
88. memes
89. X chromosome
90. Y chromosome
91. role
92. gender role
93. gender identity
94. social-learning theory
95. gender schema theory </p>
<p>Chapter 4
96. three stages of prenatal development (zygote, embryo, fetus)
97. teratogens
98. fetal alcohol syndrome
99. rooting reflex
100. habituation
101. schemas
102. assimilate vs. accommodate
103. Piaget, Kohlberg, Erikson –Define their theories of ‘cognitive development, moral development, psychosocial development.’ (just define their theory and identify where a person your age falls on their stages. Do not breakdown each stage because you already made a study guide on the three theorists)
104. object permanence
105. critical period
106. Harry Harlow’s monkey experiments-explain in reference to attachment
107. stranger anxiety
108. basic trust
109. self-concept
110. primary sex characteristics vs. secondary sex characteristics
111. Diana Baumrind’s parenting styles: identify and define.
112. identity
113. intimacy
114. cross sectional studies
115. longitudinally
116. crystallized intelligence</p>
<p>Chapter 5
117. bottom-up processing
118. top-down processing
119. absolute thresholds
120. signal detection theory
121. subliminal
122. Weber’s law
123. adaptation
124. parts of the eye
125. nearsightedness vs. farsightedness
126. rods vs. cones
127. blind spot
128. fovea
129. feature detector
130. parallel processing
131. Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory
132. opponent-process theory
133. middle ear
134. inner ear
135. cochlea
136. Frequency theory
137. place theory
138. gate-control theory
139. kinesthesis
140. vestibular sense</p>
<p>Chapter 6
141. selective attention
142. visual capture
143. figure-ground
144. proximity
145. similarity
146. continuity
147. connectedness
148. closure
149. depth perception
150. binocular cues vs. monocular cues
151. retinal disparity
152. monocular cues: (relative size, interposition, relative height, and linear perspective - Defined)
153. phi phenomenon
154. Human Factors/Ergonomics (in) Psychology (with an example)
155. perceptual set
156. ESP</p>
<p>Chapter 7
157. consciousness
158. biological rhythms
159. circadian rhythm
160. alpha waves vs. delta waves
161. hallucinations
162. sleep apnea
163. dreams and activation synthesis theory
164. night terrors
165. latent content
166. REM rebound
167. hypnosis
168. posthypnotic amnesia
169. hidden observer
170. withdrawal
171. physical vs. psychological dependence
172. depressants (describe effect, list 3)
173. stimulants (describe effect, list 3)
174. hallucinogens (describe effect, list 3)
175. opiates (describe effect, list 3)
176. Psychoactive Drugs (describe what one is and does to your brain/body)
177. near-death experience
178. Dualists vs. monists</p>
<p>Chapter 8
179. learning
180. associative learning
181. Pavlov’s classical conditioning
182. UCR, UCS, CR, CS
183. acquisition
184. extinction
185. spontaneous recovery
186. Skinner’s operant conditioning
187. Thorndike’s law of effect
188. operant chamber
189. shaping
190. reinforcement
191. primary vs. conditioned reinforcement
192. punishment
193. cognitive map
194. latent learning
195. over justification effect
196. intrinsic motivation
197. extrinsic motivation
198. observational learning (Bandura’s Social Learning Theory)
199. modeling
200. mirror neurons</p>
<p>Chapter 9
201. memory & flashbulb memories (can be one card)
202. serial position effect, primacy and recency (should be one card)
203. Steps of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval
204. sensory memory
205. short-term memory
206. long-term memory
207. automatic processing vs. effortful processing
208. rehearsal
209. spacing effect
210. imagery
211. visual, acoustic and semantic encoding
212. mnemonic
213. iconic memory
214. echoic memory
215. LTP
216. implicit vs. explicit memory
217. amnesia
218. recall
219. recognition
220. relearning
221. proactive interference
222. retroactive interference
223. misinformation effect
224. source amnesia</p>
<p>Chapter 10
225. cognition
226. prototypes
227. algorithm
228. heuristics
229. insight
230. confirmation bias
231. fixation (in problem solving)
232. mental set
233. functional fixedness
234. representativeness heuristic
235. availability heuristic
236. overconfidence
237. framing
238. belief bias
239. belief perseverance
240. artificial intelligence (AI)
241. language
242. phoneme
243. morpheme
244. grammar
245. semantics
246. syntax
247. one-word stage
248. two-word stage
249. linguistic determinism</p>
<p>Chapter 11
250. intelligence tests
251. intelligence quotient (IQ)
252. factor analysis
253. general intelligence
254. intelligence
255. savant syndrome
256. emotional intelligence (EQ)
257. creativity
258. aptitude tests vs. achievement tests
259. standardization
260. normal curve
261. reliability
262. validity
263. content validity
264. predictive validity
265. mental retardation
266. Down Syndrome
267. stereotype threat</p>
<p>Chapter 12
268. motivation
269. instinct theory
270. drive-reduction theory
271. homeostasis
272. arousal theory
273. incentive theory
274. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
275. glucose
276. set point
277. basal metabolic rate
278. anorexia nervosa
279. bulimia nervosa
280. sexual response cycle
281. refractory period
282. sexual disorders
283. estrogen
284. sexual orientation
285. Industrial-organizational psychology ( Human Factors Psychology – is already in chp 5 do not redo it)
286. personnel psychology
287. organizational psychology
288. theory X
289. theory Y</p>
<p>Chapter 13
290. emotions
291. James-Lange theory
292. Cannon-Bard theory
293. two-factor theory
294. feel-good, do-good phenomenon
295. subjective well-being
296. adaptation-level phenomenon
297. relative deprivation </p>
<p>Chapter 14
298. stress
299. Cannon’s “fight or flight” response
300. General Adaptation syndrome (GAS)
301. Coronary heart disease
302. type A personality
303. type B personality
304. psychophysiological illnesses
305. lymphocytes
306. biofeedback
307. Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance, Avoidance-Avoidance, Multiple Approach/avoidance. Define each by using examples)</p>
<p>Chapter 15
308. personality
309. free association
310. psychoanalysis
311. unconscious
312. Id, Ego, Superego
313. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages (include Stage name, age range and focus)
314. Oedipus complex
315. Fixate/fixation (in Freudian terms)
316. Major Defense mechanisms (Repression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement)
317. projective tests
318. Thematic Apperception Test
319. Rorschach inkblot test
320. collective unconscious
321. Abraham Maslow’s Self-actualization
322. self-concept
323. unconditional positive regard
324. passive-aggressive behavior (*<em>not in text </em>)
325. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
326. empirically derived
327. Social-cognitive perspective
328. reciprocal determinism
329. personal control
330. external locus of control
331. internal locus of control
332. learned helplessness
333. spotlight effect
334. self-serving bias
335. individualism (provide examples of specific countries)
336. collectivism (provide examples of specific countries)
337. terror-management theory</p>
<p>Chapter 16
338. neurotic disorders
339. psychotic disorders
340. bio-psycho-social perspective
341. Anxiety disorders
342. generalized anxiety disorder
343. panic disorders
344. phobias
345. obsessive-compulsive disorder
346. Post-traumatic stress disorder
347. stimulus generalization
348. mood disorders
349. major depressive disorder
350. bipolar/manic depressive disorder
351. manic episodes
352. Neurotransmitters effecting the depressed brain
353. dissociative disorders
354. delusions
355. subtypes of schizophrenia
356. Personality disorders
357. antisocial personality disorder</p>
<p>Chapter 17
358. psychotherapy
359. eclectic approach
360. psychoanalysis
361. resistance
362. interpretations
363. transference
364. client-centered therapy
365. active listening
366. behavior therapy
367. counter-conditioning
368. exposure therapies
369. systematic desensitization
370. aversive conditioning
371. token economy
372. cognitive-behavior therapy
373. meta-analysis
374. psychopharmacology
375. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
376. psychosurgery
377. lobotomy</p>
<p>Chapter 18
378. fundamental attribution error
379. foot-in-the-door phenomenon
380. cognitive dissonance theory
381. conformity
382. normative social influence
383. informational social influence
384. social facilitation
385. social loafing
386. deindividuation
387. group polarization
388. groupthink
389. ingroup vs. outgroup (and explain the ingroup bias)
390. scapegoat theory
391. just-world phenomenon
392. aggression
393. frustration-aggression principle
394. social traps
395. mere-exposure effect
396. passionate vs. companionate (or compassionate) love
397. altruism
398. bystander effect
399. social exchange theory
400. GRIT</p>
<p>