<p>The comment was made earlier that typewritten documents were easy to forge. This is what caught my attention.
A forgery is a document fraudulently made or altered to be used as genuine. While the concept of forgery may apply to the content--unless using a font that was not available at the time--of a message, the statement is less applicable to the document itself.
A determination can be made with relative ease whether a document is a copy or an original; and from what machine it was produced. To a trained eye, therefore, forged documents are not as easily passed as you might think in this computer age.</p>
<p>Mind you this standard is for criminal cases. "Reasonable doubt" can be a difficult standard but you have to remember that it is a standard that is "reasonable" to the jury. A jury of your peers.</p>
<p>That is why discussions of an out of control judiciary are, for the most part, ignorant. It is the JURY--a jury of your fellow citizens--that believes a defendant is not-guilty or guilty. Furthermore, in most circumstances, it is the JURY--a jury of your fellow Americans--that decides to award dollars to claimants in cases, i.e. personal injury cases.
Attorneys may assist--and in sometimes encourage--claimants in filing cases but fine Americans are the ones that make the ultimate award. So, rather than blame the attorneys, the culprits--if there are any--are the juries that make the awards that some find so egregious.</p>
<p>"Rreasonable doubt" then is whatever citizens, at that time, based upon the evidence provided to them decide it is.</p>
<p>"Reasonable doubt" . . . is a term often used, probably pretty well understood, but not easily defined. It is not a mere possible doubt; because every thing relating to human affairs, and depending on moral evidence, is open to some possible or imaginary doubt. It is that state of the case, which, after the entire comparison and consideration of all the evidence, leaves the minds of the jurors in that condition that they cannot say they feel an abiding conviction, to a moral certainty, of the truth of the charge.
Comm. v. Webster 59 Mass. (5 Cush) 295, 320 (1850)</p>
<p>It is beyond a reasonable doubt. Proven BEYOND a reasonable doubt. If, after consideration of all the evidence, there is still reasonable doubt in the juror's mind as to the truth of the charge, that juror MUST vote not-guilty.</p>
<p>I have not really kept up with this case.
I don't know wha tthe charge is against the doctor. That is, what is the criminal charge being brought?
I would guess there are also administrative charges being brought against the Dr. The standard for sustaining this charge may be by a preponderance of the evidence. A lower standard.</p>