Should Master's and Ph.D. admissions be separated?

Graduate School
1

<p>The U.S. is unique in that it's extremely common to go into a Ph.D. program from undergrad - indeed, this is probably the case for a majority of Ph.D.'s In Europe and Canada one applies separately to the Master's and Ph.D. except in rare cases.</p>

<p>There is data that shows that Ph.D. students who enter with Master's degrees complete their degrees faster and have lower attrition rates, suggesting they are better prepared. It would also seem to serve as a better sorting out process.</p>

<p>Something to think about here:</p>

<p><a href="http://www.universityaffairs.ca/phds-in-science-finish-faster-in-canada-than-us.aspx%5B/url%5D"&gt;http://www.universityaffairs.ca/phds-in-science-finish-faster-in-canada-than-us.aspx&lt;/a> </p>

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If you're a science student and want a faster route to your PhD, enrol yourself in a Canadian, not a U.S., university. This is the rather surprising conclusion one could make from an analysis of PhD completion rates by Susan Pfeiffer, University of Toronto's dean of graduate education and vice-provost.</p>

<p>Speaking at the Strategic Leaders Global Summit on Graduate Education conference in Banff in September, Dr. Pfeiffer compared 10-year completion rates at 10 of Canada's most research-intensive universities with a set of preliminary data generated by 28 universities and colleges involved in a U.S. study called the PhD Completion Project. The latter includes exclusive private universities such as Princeton, Yale and Cornell as well as research-intensive public universities like Michigan, UCLA and Purdue.</p>

<p>Looking at the PhD class of 1994, Dr. Pfeiffer found that 62.9 percent of all Canadian doctoral students at the 10 universities had obtained their PhDs after a decade. That compares with 56.7 percent of their U.S. counterparts in the PhD Completion Project (which pooled results for 1992-94).</p>

<p>American institutions, though, may have a slight advantage in getting doctoral students in the social sciences through their program more quickly - just over 52 percent of PhD students in Canada versus 55 percent in the United States had earned their doctorate by 2004. In the humanities, the comparison was even closer when the results were included for both 1993 and 1994 in Canada (see the table below).</p>

<p>But completion rates were quite a different story in scientific fields. In 2004, after 10 years of doctoral studies:</p>

<p>almost 75 percent of PhD students in the life sciences had earned a PhD in Canada, compared with 62 percent in the U.S.
about 71 percent of students in physical and applied sciences in Canada had earned a doctorate. In the U.S., 64 percent of engineers and 55 percent of students in the physical sciences and in science and mathematics had earned a degree.
Dr. Pfeiffer said she thinks the master's degree has something to do with the discrepancy. "I suggest that the reason for the higher completion rates is Canada's maintenance of the research [doctoral stream] master's as a distinct and valued milestone," Dr. Pfeiffer told the summit meeting, whose participants included representatives from graduate programs in the U.S., Australia, the European Union, Canada and China.</p>

<p>"Experience with a master's can help students self-select out if they conclude they are ill-suited for doctoral work," she added.</p>

<p>It is an analysis that rings true with U.S. experts. "I think she is right on about the positive aspects of the Canadian system with respect to the master's degree," said Daniel Denecke, director of best practices at the U.S. Council of Graduate Schools, which is overseeing the PhD Completion Project. The council plans to publish, before year-end, the first results of the project, on attrition and completion data at the program level.</p>

<p>"A significant portion of American students may in fact want a master's degree, but may have to enter a doctoral program in order to get what they want," said Dr. Denecke, adding that many schools don't offer research-stream master's degrees. In the U.S., the master's degree is common only for professional degrees like the MBA.

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<p><a href="http://www.universityaffairs.ca/phds-in-science-finish-faster-in-canada-than-us.aspx%5B/url%5D"&gt;http://www.universityaffairs.ca/phds-in-science-finish-faster-in-canada-than-us.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p>

<p>Some good discussion here as well (for economics):</p>

<p>Is</a> the lack of American Econ MA programs efficient?</p>

<p>The nice thing about admitting Ph.D. students from undergrad is that they don't have to go through the admissions process twice.</p>

2

<p>I am curious about the completion rates of American PhD students who have passed their qualifying exams vs Canadian PhD students who started their PhD with a Master’s degree under their belt already. I don’t think it is problematic at all that some American PhD students leave their program with a Master’s degree after 1-2 years. How is that different from their Canadian counterparts who choose not to pursue a PhD after completing a research-oriented Master’s degree?</p>

3

<p>But wouldn’t having a separate master’s be more efficient in terms of a sorting out process?</p>

4

<p>More efficient in terms of what? Going through two rounds of applications drains resources both from the applicant and from the department. </p>

<p>The separate Master’s degree might also encourage early specialization at the expense of breadth. Many PhD programs (in the sciences, at least) start with a year of foundational courses before they let students specialize. Master’s programs, in contrast, are usually much more focused and PhD programs that build up on Master’s degrees require no coursework whatsoever (in Europe, at least).</p>

<p>That system works well in Europe where undergraduate students spend 3-4 years studying nothing but their major. European students get their broad foundation during their undergraduate years, acquire specialized knowledge in a small branch of their field in their Master’s degree and finally spend their PhD time doing research (and research only). </p>

<p>I doubt that this system would work well in the US because an American undergraduate education is not focused enough to support specialization at the Master’s level.</p>