<p>Name three political, military or economic reforms that the Napoleonic code implemented :)</p>
<ul>
<li>No ex post facto laws.</li>
<li>Laws only apply if the law had been published throughout.</li>
<li>Privision for divorce - only if both sides agreed to a divorce.</li>
</ul>
<p>What was the Council of Trent?</p>
<p>Council of Trent was a crucial series of meetings during the Catholic Counter Reformation (I believe set off by Pope Paul II??). Major changes were the index, society of jesus, abolition of indulgences, but no religious change in favor of protestants. After the council of trent, the borders of religion in Europe havent gone under major change.</p>
<p>What led to the invasion of Italy in 1494, and why was the League of Cambrai formed?</p>
<p>^
^
Never heard of it...</p>
<ol>
<li><p>What were the works and ideas of Montesqieu and Rousseau during the Enlightenment?</p></li>
<li><p>Who was Immanuel Kant and what was his famous book?</p></li>
<li><p>Describe what steps led to the formation of the European Union.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Just going to quickly add to the Council of Trent question: It didn't abolish indulgences; it abolished the sale of them. And it created seminaries as well.</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Not sure of the name of the works, but Montesqieu was all about three branches of government. Rousseau-major works are Emile about education reform (for men), different spheres for men and women, etc. The Social Contract-the government has a social contract with its subjects; talked about the will of the majority</p></li>
<li><p>a philosopher, The Critique of Pure Reason </p></li>
<li><p>Coal and Steel Union under Schumann Policy, then European Economic Community (Common Market), Treaty of Maastrict </p></li>
</ol>
<p>Ooh, off to school! My ride is here!</p>
<p>I'm actually at school right now...but I just wanted to add that Montesqieu wrote Spirit of the Laws. We were reviewing in class today. :) New question: </p>
<p>Who was Christine de Pisan?</p>
<p>I have a side question:</p>
<p>Did the enlightenment in general reject religion? And it was the renaissance that did NOT reject religion, but instead tried to combine the best aspects of pagan and religious beliefs together.</p>
<p>The Englightenment, especially embodied by Voltaire, criticized the clergy in particular rather than attacking religion. The philosophes had a big beef with fanaticism, intolerance and blind faith in God. They appreciated a more rational approach to religion.</p>
<p>In terms of religion, I see the Renaissance more as the emergence of a secular world view existing with the pious spiritualism of the Middle Ages. The materialistic life, emphasis on life on this earth rather than the afterlife, grew in importance. Politics began to be increasingly separated from moral/religious justification and reasoning-see Machiavelli or even Petrarch on the secular qualities of good citizenship and participation in civic life. I haven't really heard the pagan+traditional religious beliefs argument before but I'm sure that's true, too.</p>
<p>Since I'm in the process of cramming, thought I'd stick a few questions here!</p>
<ol>
<li><p>When did the emergence of the middle class begin to impact society (don't need a time frame, during what "period"), and how? For what reasons?</p></li>
<li><p>What were the differences btw the Northern Renaissance and the Italian Renaissance? Give specific examples (ie in art, music, politics)</p></li>
<li><p>Who was the first known to demonstrate "absolute monarchy" to its fullest potential? How did he keep the aristocracy from taking his power? (haha, big hint here)</p></li>
<li><p>What is capitalism? How did it affect inflation and the rise in agricultural prices in the 1500s? Which powerful political leader in Europe first instated capitalism?</p></li>
<li><p>Catholic Reformation, Counter Reformation, and the Protestant Reformation. How do they all differ? </p></li>
<li><p>How did Peter the Great revolutionize Russia?</p></li>
</ol>
<p>phew. i'll be back later, lol... try these for now :P i'm sure the ap test covers more broad ideas then specific nit picky things, so i tried to come up with some general questions.</p>
<ol>
<li> the middle class grew substancially, and began to influence society during the industrial age, when they began to become rich, and supplant the landowning class. For example, in England, the requirement to vote was only for landowning class, however they soon changed that in the Great Reform Bill under the pressure of the new middle class.</li>
</ol>
<ol>
<li><p>The Northern Renaissance, unlike the Italian renaissance, had a more religious tone to it. For example, the artwork, while still conforming to the Renaissance ideals and the new innovations, centered on religious aspects. Northern humanists also wrote mostly about religion, for example, Erasmus wrote a critique on the catholic church (Praise of Folly) which helped influence the later Reformation.</p></li>
<li><p>Yeah, helpful hint. :P Louis the XIV was probably one of the most powerful absolute monarchs. He kept check on the aristocracy largely from his Palace at Versailes, where most of the aristocrats lived. There, he was able to spy on them, and keep them busy with luxuries, instead of politics.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>4.</p>
<ol>
<li>Peter the Great: tried to westernize Russia, introduced into the land Eastern ideas of science, economics, new innovations, and military organization. He was the one who made all the guys shave and dress decently into stereotypical Eastern Europe trenchcoats and suits and military jackets. He made St. Petersburg the Window to the West.</li>
</ol>
<p>Next question:</p>
<p>When was the Conference of Versailles, what did it decide, who was excluded (MAJOR HINT!), and how did that country react?</p>
<p>It was after WWI to discuss reparation payments, etc. and draw up treaties for the Central Powers, including the Treaty of Versailles for Germany. Not sure which country not invited that you are reffering to. Germany wasn't invited but neither was Russia.</p>
<p>Oh, right. I forgot about Germany (wow. i'm smart).</p>
<p>anyone wanna ask a question?</p>
<p>What are the causes of WWI?</p>
<p>imperliaism
militerism
buisness
alliances</p>
<p>goddamit its the night before the exam...flippin out here</p>
<p>what is the zolverin(sp)? and what was the zemstovo? (lol..the Zs)</p>
<p>zemstvo is kind of a town council in 19th century Russia</p>
<p>zollverien=customs union in germany and prussia designed to decrease foreign competition</p>