It is worthwhile to take a look back on prior posts as this has been discussed in great detail.
From my experience, prospective recruits fall into several categories.
There are those who are the very top of their recruiting class. These fencers are often approached in some manner as early as sophomore year in high school and can have at least some form of understanding with a coach entering into their junior year.
Next up are the top 10, including those elite candidates, who will be chased by the most competitive DV1 programs. Most of these will have commitments in hand by spring of junior year. Certainly by the end of junior year.
While one can make differentiations for the next levels of recruits, these are the ones waiting for the dominoes to fall before finding out where they land. This is the toughest position in which to be because one is often faced with an earlier offer from a 2nd or 3rd choice, while top choice is still navigating through the elite recruits. Lots of strategy in this position and not for the weak of heart. The July Challenge recruiting meetings are a big watershed in this process, especially for this group of potential recruits. If you find yourself in this category, some hard core strategizing regarding meeting with coaches is definitely in order.
Another category are fencers who, whether by choice or circumstance, proactively choose the D3 or club route. Sometimes this is because fencing looms as less important after matriculation to college. Other times its because the best fit of school leads to a less competitive fencing program. Ironically perhaps, these are also the schools with the most exacting standards, at which fencing is a definite plus, but academic stats and accomplishments clearly come first.
Finally, there are those who come in at the bottom of the recruiting pool who wait for every last domino to fall and often find themselves seeking coach’s support (in lieu of formal recruitment), or at least a commitment for a walk-on if the student can get in on his/her own merits. These recruits can wait through senior year, sometimes giving up the early application route to be in play at as many schools as possible.
Know this, however - There are always surprises in the recruiting class. Several posters on this thread can relate how the entire picture shifted with one defection, leading to unexpected opportunities.
In any case, keep coming back to the thread. There is a ton of knowledge and experience on this thread and people are very willing to share and to help.
Good luck!