<p>I second what T26E4 said, but I’ll answer some anyway.</p>
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<li>Both universities are strong in most academic departments. The main academic difference between the two universities is that at the undergraduate level Chicago offers few or no “practical” majors, concentrating on theory, while Penn has a large number of students in fields like management, finance, marketing, nursing, engineering, architecture that don’t exist for undergraduates at Chicago. Chicago is more like Penn’s College of Arts and Sciences only, but all those other students (and the ability to take classes across Schools/Colleges at Penn) have a big impact on the general social environment of the university. About 25% of Penn undergraduates are in the Wharton School, which focuses on a business curriculum. Chicago has a very strong Economics department (one of the tops in the world), which is the most popular major in its college, but it is much, much less focused on practical business education than the Wharton program.</li>
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<p>In science, both are strong. Penn is really known for life sciences and chemistry, and chemical engineering. Chicago’s strongest science is probably physics. Chicago also has an especially famous and large Math department.</p>
<ol>
<li><p>In terms of academic resources, the two are probably about equal in humanities. There’s somewhat more focus on humanities at Chicago, because it has a Core Curriculum that every undergraduate must complete, and that has a significant humanities component. Penn has requirements, too, but they are not as extensive as Chicago’s, and they apply differently in the different schools. Both have pretty strong extracurricular theater organizations, if you are interested in that.</p></li>
<li><p>Both have lots of international students, around 10% of undergraduates, maybe a little higher at Penn. Penn has more, both because the Wharton School and the Engineering School attract lots of them, and because it has a larger student body, so a similar percentage of foreign students means a significantly larger absolute number of them. Both have large populations of graduate students, too, many of whom are international. </p></li>
<li><p>I can’t answer this. I don’t know if anyone really can. I am sure at both colleges some international students stick with their own clique and others are thoroughly integrated into the general student body.</p></li>
<li><p>Keep in mind that all stereotypes are wrong, and that universities are complex, variegated places, where different people live very different sorts of lives depending on their own preferences. That said: Chicago is widely known for academic intensity and a somewhat anemic social scene, which often consists of people kicking back, having a drink, and talking about their classes. Penn is known as a place where people take their studies seriously but also give serious attention to their social lives. Fraternities and sororities are far stronger and more important at Penn than at Chicago. The social scene at Chicago has gotten much better over the past decade or so, but there’s no question that if you were choosing between them based on which had better parties for more people, you would choose Penn.</p></li>
<li><p>Chicago is 10-20 degrees colder than Philadelphia during the late fall, winter, and early spring (i.e., most of the academic year), and a lot windier. You learn to live with it. Compared to Buenos Aires, say, both cities will feel cold, but Chicago is a lot colder. For example, during the winter it’s relatively rare in Philadelphia to go 24 hours where the temperature is never above the freezing mark, and it rarely gets below 25F. In Chicago, the average nighttime temperature in the winter is below 20F, and the average high just below freezing.</p></li>
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<p>As I write this, in early November, it’s actually about 4 F warmer in Chicago than in Philadelphia (62F vs. 58F), but in the next 10 days the daily high temperature in Chicago is predicted to go below the freezing mark several times, and some snow is predicted. It’s also supposed to get colder in Philadelphia, but the daily highs are never predicted to go below freezing, and mostly they will stay in the mid-40sF. No snow is predicted.</p>