WashPost Article On Black Students and AP Tests

<p>Here are some interesting excerpts:</p>

<p>In the 1 million-student New York City system, the nation's largest, black students produced 987 AP tests that earned scores of 3 or higher on the five-point AP grading scale in 2006. Philadelphia yielded 144 passing AP tests from black students. District schools had 108.</p>

<p>Four other school systems in the Washington and Baltimore suburbs with large black populations -- Prince George's County, Baltimore County and Anne Arundel County in Maryland and Prince William County in Virginia -- each outperformed black students in the nation as a whole in AP testing, although none approached the national average for all public school students.</p>

<p>Baltimore City, on the other hand, yielded only 90 passing AP tests from a population of more than 20,000 black high school students.</p>

<hr>

<p>The Post reviewed AP data from nine of the 10 school systems in the nation with the largest black populations, from New York City, with 115,963 African American students in grades 9 through 12, to Baltimore City, with 22,225. </p>

<p>One of the 10, Detroit, declined to provide data. The analysis considered 20 other school systems, all among the 80 largest for black high school populations, that are known for their rigor. The smallest systems studied were Prince William and Anne Arundel, each with about 5,000 black high school students.</p>

<p>The analysis considered the number of passing exams by black students and weighed it against black student enrollment in grades 9 through 12. A score of 3 or higher on the five-point AP scale is considered passing because it is the typical cutoff for credit and advanced standing in college.</p>

<p>Outside the Washington region, no school system analyzed produced more than four passing AP tests for every 100 black high school students -- half the success rate of Montgomery and Fairfax.</p>

<hr>

<p>Superintendents, scholars and students point to several factors hindering black students' success in the AP program. Many African Americans are reluctant to enroll in AP courses, particularly if it means being the only minority student in the class. And those who enroll in AP study without adequate preparation might not be ready for the "shock of rigor" in a college-level course, said Trevor Packer, director of the AP program.</p>

<p>Research suggests that black students, who are concentrated in high-poverty, urban school systems, tend to have less effective teachers than those in other schools. Some urban high schools are therefore filled with courses that are AP "in name only," said Daria Hall, a senior policy analyst at Education Trust, a D.C. nonprofit dedicated to closing the achievement gap.</p>

<hr>

<p>Britney Pope, 18, who graduated this month from Gaithersburg High School, is going to Columbia University in the fall. Like many talented black students, she had a hit-or-miss experience with AP. She took four AP tests before her senior year but passed only one, in world history. She earned scores of 1 or 2, indicating partial mastery, on the others.</p>

<p>For her success in AP world history, Pope credits her teacher: "She came in on Saturdays to prepare us for the exam." For her performance on the other tests, she mostly blames herself.</p>

<p>"I'm just a poor test-taker, period," she said. "It takes more effort from the teacher to get me prepared."</p>

<p><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/26/AR2007062602339.html?hpid=sec-education%5B/url%5D"&gt;http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/26/AR2007062602339.html?hpid=sec-education&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p>

<p>
[quote]
In the 1 million-student New York City system, the nation's largest, black students produced 987 AP tests that earned scores of 3 or higher on the five-point AP grading scale in 2006. Philadelphia yielded 144 passing AP tests from black students. District schools had 108.

[/quote]
</p>

<p>The problems that I have with this statement are:</p>

<p>While there are 1 million students in NYC public high school system:</p>

<p>Not all of them attend high school (there are 1 million students in K-12 enrolled in public school)</p>

<p>Not all of them attend high schools that offer AP courses (a large number of schools do not).</p>

<p>Not every student who enrolls in an AP course takes the AP exam.</p>

<p>When the author states that black students produced 987 AP tests that earned scores of 3 or higher on the five-point AP grading scale in 2006, s/he does not state how many students actually sat for an AP exam during this time period.</p>

<p>Seems to me that author did not do a great job of putting things in context.</p>

<p>I found the following positive and disheartening at the same time:</p>

<p>
[quote]

That is far greater than the success rate of African Americans nationwide, who produced about one passing AP test for every 100 students.

[/quote]
</p>

<p>99 out of every 100 black students taking an AP exam score lower than a 3.</p>

<p>Whatever controllable factors that cause this should be addressed immediately.</p>

<p>^^I couldn't agree more. And then there's the most important statistic of all: the number of black students in the NYC system.</p>

<p>"99 out of every 100 black students taking an AP exam score lower than a 3."</p>

<p>Don't they mean 99 out of every 100 black students period will not get a 3 or higher? Not all of those 100 take an AP exam.</p>

<p>Article says "The analysis considered the number of passing exams by black students and weighed it against black student enrollment in grades 9 through 12."</p>

<p>this is all irrelevant without looking at the white/asian scale as well. anyone know their success rate?</p>

<p>The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education annually provides info about black students success on AP tests compared with white students' success. I seem to remember one weird fact: At least one year, black students did better than did white students on the Chinese language AP test. JBHE speculated that may have been because both blacks and whites came to the table equally --probably neither were likely to have had past exposure to Chinese, and neither racial group is expected to have an advantage with the test.</p>

<p>You may be able to find the comparison info on the JBHE website.</p>

<p>JBHE and, I think, Dr. Steele (can't remember which one of the Stanford Steele brother professors it was) says that stereotype threat may prevent black students from doing as well as they are capable of on the test. As I remember what "stereotype threat" is, when people think that people of their race or gender don't do well on a test, they tend to rise to that low expectation.</p>

<p>As for Detroit's not reporting their scores, I lived there 6 years and did lots of things with their school system including being a judge in scholarship programs, volunteering in classes, etc. I remember one (black) student at one of their top academic high schools telling me without embarassment that he didn't pass the AP test. He had only gotten a 2. He told me that he knew no one who passed the test.</p>

<p>Clearly, the expectations for the students there were low. That student also had bad grammar despite getting As in AP English (I was in a position to see his transcript) and planning on a career in journalism, a field that he eventually entered.</p>

<p>Just to show how low administrators' expectations were in Detroit, I had a mentee who had gotten a 14 on the ACT (the national average is a 12). I told her to study and retake it, but her GC (whose bad advice the student followed) told her not to bother because she had "done well" since the student's score was 2 points higher than the average score for Detroit students.</p>

<p>From the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. There are plenty of more related articles that you can find on that site.</p>

<p>"of the 94,556 AP exams taken by black students in 2006, grades of 3 or above, which qualify test takers for college credit, were received on 25,210 tests. ...</p>

<p>Nationwide the mean AP score for white students was 2.96; for blacks it was 1.96. ...</p>

<p>In 2006, of the 1,046,590 AP exams taken by white students, a qualifying grade of 3 or above was achieved on 62.4 percent of the tests. Blacks received qualifying grades of 3 or above on only 26.7 percent of the AP exams that they took....</p>

<p>Some 13.1 percent of white test takers received a score of 5, equivalent to a college grade of A. Only 2.9 percent of black test takers received a score of 5. Blacks, who took 5.6 percent of all AP tests, made up only 2.6 percent of all students who became eligible for college credit and only 1.3 percent of all students with the highest score of 5.
<a href="http://www.jbhe.com/latest/index030107_p.html%5B/url%5D"&gt;http://www.jbhe.com/latest/index030107_p.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p>

<p>Research suggests that black students, who are concentrated in high-poverty, urban school systems, tend to have less effective teachers than those in other schools. Some urban high schools are therefore filled with courses that are AP "in name only,"</p>

<p>^ wow. my school is the epitome of this statement...sadly.</p>

<p>You can get AP reports by race by going to the "educators" area of the college board web site and putting "AP" in the search function if this link doesn't work.</p>

<p><a href="http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/exgrd_sum/2005.html%5B/url%5D"&gt;http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/exgrd_sum/2005.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p>

<p>wow, those are some disheartening statistics...</p>

<p>
[quote]
The problems that I have with this statement are:</p>

<p>While there are 1 million students in NYC public high school system:</p>

<p>Not all of them attend high school (there are 1 million students in K-12 enrolled in public school)</p>

<p>Not all of them attend high schools that offer AP courses (a large number of schools do not).</p>

<p>Not every student who enrolls in an AP course takes the AP exam.</p>

<p>When the author states that black students produced 987 AP tests that earned scores of 3 or higher on the five-point AP grading scale in 2006, s/he does not state how many students actually sat for an AP exam during this time period.</p>

<p>Seems to me that author did not do a great job of putting things in context.

[/quote]

I don't think comparing the number of passing scores to the number of tests taken would be any better. That would just tell us how over-confident or under-confident black students are, more than anything else. Or at least, it would be so largely influenced by that rather arbitrary factor that any other variable of interest would be largely distorted.</p>

<p>Northstarmom: Here's 2006's report</p>

<p><a href="http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/exgrd_sum/2006.html%5B/url%5D"&gt;http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/exgrd_sum/2006.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p>

<p>daniel:</p>

<p>sybbie is correct. The number of high schoolers is extremely relevant since some (many?) students drop out. For example, LA Unified, the largest hispanic school district, has a ~50% drop out rate in HS.</p>