<p>xiggi knows a lot more about this than I, but my view is that ED is a little sleazy. ED boosts colleges’ yield – they admit a third to half the class with a 99-100% yield rate. But students whose families are price sensitive are often unwilling to apply ED, because they are afraid of being locked in to a bad financial deal. And that can definitely happen. Most ED colleges get comparatively few early applications for that reason, and those tend overwhelmingly to come from affluent, sophisticated applicants. It winds up looking a lot like affirmative action for the privileged – they compete only against each other in a special preliminary round where far more of them will get to win than if they competed against the whole applicant pool.</p>
<p>EA in any form is much more applicant-friendly, because it gives the applicant an early answer of sorts (even if the answer is “deferred”), while letting admitted students treat it like ED or apply elsewhere and compare financial aid offers, depending on what they want. For that reason, pretty much every EA college gets far more early applications than ED colleges. Back in the Dark Ages – four years ago, when this year’s college seniors were applying – the University of Chicago got about 13,600 applications overall (a big increase from its previous year), and most of the Ivies were getting mid-20s applications (except for Dartmouth at 18,000 and Cornell at 34,000). But Chicago got more early applications that year than any of the ED Ivies – 3,800. Only Penn and Cornell came close. Brown got almost twice as many overall applications as Chicago that year, but only about 2/3 the early applications. Other examples from that year – MIT had 15,500 applications overall, 4,600 of which were EA (so 60% of Brown’s applications, but 200% of Brown’s early applications). Georgetown got 18,000 applications overall, of which 6,000 were EA applications. Those are pretty stark numbers.</p>
<p>HYPS has generally had “single choice early action” – basically a rule that you couldn’t apply EA to one of them and apply early anywhere else. So that makes applying EA to one of them a little less attractive than applying EA to Chicago or MIT, which don’t restrict applicants at all. Still, SCEA brings in EA-type numbers of applications. So in my reference year of 4 years ago, Stanford had 30,000 applications overall, and 5,600 early applications (note: still fewer than Georgetown). SCEA also keeps applicants who aspire to one of the tippy-top schools from submitting ED applications to the just-under-tippy-top schools like Columbia, Brown, Penn, etc. For a while Harvard and Princeton had no early application procedure at all, but they found they were losing candidates to ED applications at other Ivy League colleges.</p>
<p>Chicago, MIT, and Caltech (and a few others) have completely unrestricted EA. Not only can you apply to other colleges EA simultaneously, you can also apply to an ED school. I think quite a number of Chicago EA applicants also apply to Columbia or Penn ED. That lack of restrictions clearly boosts EA application volume, but lowers EA yield, because some of the people accepted EA will also be accepted ED someplace else and immediately decline the EA acceptance. Georgetown, BC, and others have a somewhat restricted form of EA, where they don’t want you applying ED anyplace else at the same time, but it’s fine to apply non-binding EA to places like Chicago or MIT.</p>
<p>Here’s how I think this has worked for Chicago. It gets a bunch of EA applications from people who are applying ED to Columbia, Penn, Duke, Northwestern, and think “Why not?” and toss in an EA application to Chicago, or people who decide to apply to a range of EA schools like Georgetown, MIT, Tulane. If it accepts those people, and if the ED applicants are deferred or rejected (as most ED applicants to those colleges are), then Chicago has 3 months of opportunity to market relentlessly to get the already-accepted student to come. And many of them have come, or at least more of them than Chicago has gotten from its Regular Decision round of acceptances. If Chicago went to SCEA, like HYPS, it wouldn’t get any of those early applicants. They might or might not apply RD, but Chicago wouldn’t be able to identify them or to do precision marketing to them until April, when the marketing field gets very crowded and frenzied.</p>
<p>Hope that helps.</p>