Why is there a common assumption that additional prep is needed?

Are you saying in your area? I think this is common in higher SES areas. Our kids have never prepped for an upcoming class. One is doing test familarization now for the PSAT/SAT. Nothing too serious but lots of focus on timing and reading the questions for tricks. I’ve never heard of kids preparing for classes over the Summer but we know kids who do self study for AP’s or take a college course.