<p>Hello there fellow psych takers! Ready to own the exam in May?</p>
<p>Hate the stupid class. I hope I am ready… I have been getting so far like 50% to 55% on all of my test so far and I read the damn Barron’s and David Mysers.</p>
<p>Omg, I still have not really started self-studying. I’ve started my Human Geography studying just because its break right now. I don’t know what I’m going to do when school starts up next week.</p>
<p>OK Lets start: What is the primary difference between the James-Lange theory of emotion and the Schachter-Singer two factor theory of emotion?</p>
<h2>What is the primary difference between the James-Lange theory of emotion and the Schachter-Singer two factor theory of emotion? </h2>
<p>The James-Lange theory of emotions state that we feel emotion because of biological changes caused by stress.
Stanley Schachter’s 2-factor theory demonstrates that emotion depends on the interaction between two factors, biology and cognition. Schachter also pointed out that people who are already physiological aroused experience more intense emotions than unaroused people when both groups are exposed to the same stimuli.</p>
<h2>Can anybody tell me who is Singer?</h2>
<p>My question: Explain the Three-Box/Information-Processing Model.</p>
<p>Good answer. Sorry, I don’t know who Singer is = lol.
The information processing model states that we encode, store and retrieve information. Everything we see, hear, touch, taste, and smell first enters our sensory memory (ie the first box). Our short-term memory (ie the second box) temporarily stores and processes information from the sensory memory. Information that is not transferred from sensory memory or short-term memory is lost. Information stored in long-term memory (ie the third box) can be retrieved and sent back to short-term memory for use. </p>
<p>Another question: What was Carol Gilligan’s criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? (Believe it or not the always politically correct CB has more questions on Gilligan’s criticism than on Kohlberg’s theory!).</p>
<p>I don’t Singer is that important individually. Just know the name of the theory itself [Schachter-Singer two factor].</p>
<p>What was Carol Gilligan’s criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? </p>
<p>Her criticism was that his theory didn’t account for females [differences]</p>
<p>Correct! Women’s moral concerns tend to focus on caring and compassion while men focus more on justice.</p>
<p>OK - Which type of sensory information is not routed thru the thalamus?</p>
<p>Which type of sensory information is not routed thru the thalamus?
Smell aka Olfactory</p>
<p>Another one: What is the difference between reliability and validity in testing? Explain each.</p>
<p>Reliability means that test scores are consistent and repeated ie that is why so many students get more or less the same score on their SATs. It is also why the odd numbered CR questions on the SAT correlate with the even numbered CR questions. This is called split-half reliability. Validity means that a test measure what is it is supposed to measure. So is the SAT really a measure of how well we will do our freshman year in college? Who knows. </p>
<p>Ok - What is the fundamental attribution error? What is an example?</p>
<p>What is the fundamental attribution error? What is an example?
Fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate the importance of dispositional factors when looking at the behavior of others and underestimate the role of situational factors.
EX: When you first meet someone for the first time, you tried to engage that person in conversation but that person is unresponsive. Soon, that person excuses to leave. Most people would conclude that he/she is unfriendly. Few consider that something in the situation may have contributed to that person’s behavior. Perhaps that person just lost $10,000 :ha:</p>
<p>Another one: What is Schizophrenia? Explain theories about the cause of Schizophrenic disorders.</p>
<p>Schizophrenia is a group of severe disorders involving major disturbances in perception, language, thought (word salad), emotion and behavior. There are three leading causes. First, there is a genetic basis for schizophrenia. The lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia increases with genetic similarity. Second, the dopamine hypothesis. According to the dopamine hypothesis, over activity of certain dopamine neurons in the brain may contribute to some forms of schizophrenia. And finally, according to the diathesis-stress model people inherit a predisposition or diathesis that increases their risk for schizophrenia. </p>
<p>Here’s another question:
What is the difference between proactive interference and retroactive interference? Give an example of each.</p>
<p>[ul] [li]Proactive Interference: The existence of old memories interferes with the recall of new. For instance, PI may occur when the vocabulary from a previously learned language interfere with the learning of a current language.</p>[/li]
<p>[*]Retroactive Interference: The existence of new memories interferes with the recall of old. For example, an instructor may experience retrieval failure when attempting to recall the name of a previous year’s student due to the learning of names from this year’s students.[/ul]</p>
<p>Are you all acquainted with the popular “PORN” acronym for learning to distinguish the difference between PI and RI?</p>
<p>No - please explain and add a question. Your turn.</p>
<p>@ mifune. lol, can you explain that? I always mix those two up!</p>
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<p>Okay, identify and explain the functions of the basic structures of a neuron.</p>
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<p>My instructor stated that the acronym is widely taught to avoid confusion regarding PI and RI. Basically, P (Proactive interference) and O (Old memories) are associated as are R (Retroactive interference) and N (New memories).</p>
<p>It is a mnemonic that states that PI (forgetting recently encoded information) is caused by the interference from old memories whereas RI (forgetting previously encoded information) is caused by the interference from new memories.</p>
<p>A neuron is the fundamental building block of the nervous system. It is responsible for receiving and transmitting electrochemical information. Neurons have a number of component parts. Dendrites receive information from other cells. The Cell Body receives information from dendrites, and provides life-support functions. The Axon carries the neuron’s messages to other neurons, muscles, or glands. The Myelin Sheath covers the axon of some neurons to insulate and help speed neural impulses. Deterioration of the Myelin Sheath can lead to multiple sclerosis. The Terminal Buttons of an axon form junctions with other cells and release chemicals called neurotransmitters.</p>
<p>OK - here’s another question: What is the difference between GROUPTHINK and GROUP POLARIZATION? Give an example of each.</p>
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<p>Groupthink is when the desire for harmony in a group overrides a realistic choice or answer. An example is when JFK and his cabinet came up with the Bay of Pigs invasion; to avoid conflicts, they decided to go with the (in hindsight) poor choice. Group polarization is when the views of a group become more extreme and radical. For instance, many terrorists become radicalized because it’s what everybody around them is doing.</p>
<p>What is the difference between fixation (in problem solving, not Freudian psychology) and functional fixedness? Give an example of each.</p>