APUSH: Give and Take Study Review

Test Preparation AP Test Preparation
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<p>Okay, let’s see… 1880s and up were characterized by the growth of cities, aka urbanization. A fresh new wave of immigration came in, with Southern and Eastern Europeans, rather than Germans and Irishmen and other Western Europeans. These new immigrants were mostly illiterate and poor, and thus packed into the cities and took on industrial jobs for low wages.</p>

<p>Why did these new immigrants come in? Europe’s population was growing tremendously, and there was basically no space left over. American food imports and industrialization in Europe greatly changed the way things were run, and created a huge number of unemployed people. Thus, many left to the US. There was also this view–arguably pretty wrong–that the US was this great place where everyone was rich. So that pulled people to the US as well. Other factors include freedom, both religious and political. For example, the Russians were being ******s to the Jews.</p>

<p>The US government in the 1880s didn’t do much for the immigrants. Thus, immigrants were in the hands of the businesses. The city “bosses” like Boss Tweed gave these newcomers jobs and such in exchange for votes.</p>

<p>There were also many against immigration. The Nativists. They were worried about the Anglo-Saxons being overrun by these new, culturally distinct Eastern and Southern Europeans. Organizations like the American Protective Association (APA) sprouted up. And all this tension finallly pushed congress to pass restrictive laws for immigration, starting off with restrictions on criminals and crazy people. </p>

<p>Oh yeah, almost forgot. The Chinese were coming in around this time as well. And as you can imagine, they were treated like doodoo</p>

<p>These immigrants created a problem for the labor movements at this time. Most of these immigrants made up the unskilled labor force. And there were a crapload of them. Thus, they were dispensable, and there were always a ton of them willing to work for low wages. Because of this, they weren’t really effective at unionizing. Also because of language barriers. This was an issue for the American unskilled workers because they couldn’t do anything about wages because there were a ton of these immigrants who could replace them if they complained or striked. However, the skilled workers were more effective in labor movements because they were NOT dispensable, and so they could bargain.</p>

<p>I covered as much as I know. Hopefully that helps. Anyone wanna go more into detail about labor? And can someone elaborate about the Populists, Knights of Labor, and Progressivism and when they started?</p>

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<p>Populist movement sprouted (no pun intended) from the western expansion post Civil War. It mainly can be linked to the Grange movement, Farmers Alliance, and the African Farmers Alliance (forgot the official name). Anyways America went on the gold standard, decrease in money supply. Due to technology there was an increase in supply of agricultural good (plow/barred wire). In addition there were the bonanza farms. Anyways in the late 1880s - early 1890s America had undergone a severe depression which lead to the creation of the Populist Party. They wanted a progressive tax, bimetallism, direct methods of democracy (referendum/recall). They first elected I believe it was James Weaver and later William Jennings Bryan (Cross of Gold speech).</p>

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<p>Oh, I’m sorry, I always get the names mixed up. And yes about the perjury, I’m sorry again if that was unclear. Haha, I’m so bad at explaining things.</p>

<p>Mexican War - under Polk.

  • main reasons: 1) Texas and California, 2) boundary of Texas and Mexico. also immediately caused by “American blood shed on American soil”
  • both had crappy armies; Zachary Taylor (future president) becomes famous for his victory at Buena Vista
  • resulted in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo/the Mexcian Secession: 1) set the boundary as the Rio Grande, 2) gave US California and New Mexico, 3) US agreed to pay $15 mil to Mexico and assume American claims against the Mexican govt.
    … led to the Wilmot Proviso and Compromise of 1850</p>

<p>As for Knights of Labor, I’m not quite sure when they founded… around the time of AFL (1880’s)? But they were basically the union of everyone: women, African Americans, etc. And they wanted down with monopolies/trusts and regulation of child labor.</p>

<p>I’m not quite clear about labor movements around that time, but I there was the formation of the AFL, National Labor Union, and Knights of Labor (which, consequently, leads to thinking about the Haymarket Riot). Then the Homestead Strike and Pullman Strike => government against labor unions (ie. Eugene V. Debs and his arrest, workers have to sign a contract not to join unions).</p>

<p>Progressivism was the in approximately in the first decade-and-a-half of the 20th century. They were generally middle-class and believed it was their social responsibility to uphold morals. Very realistic - Taylor and scientific management. In this period: citizens’ rights (referendum, initiative, recall; 17th amend.), the poor and the immigrants (ie. Jane Addams and Hull House, Jacob Riis and How the Other Half Lives), temperance (18th amend.),then, of course, Theodore Roosevelt with his bunch of reforms.</p>

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<p>add on to the Mexican American War? haha… I already wrote so I’ll just post in on here.</p>

<p>The Mexican American War was from 1846-1848. It was caused by American provocationish. Zachary Taylor’s troop was stationed near the Rio Grande River (the disputed southern border of Texas) and waited. Some Americans were killed. Polk, the president at that time, claimed that “American blood was shed on American soil”, so that made the US declare war on Mexico. Ultimately it was the annexation of Texas that caused this event. Don’t know much about the battles… Anyways… the peace treaty was called the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. It gave the Mexican Cession (CA,NV,NM,AR,UT,TX, and a part of CO) to US & US paid $15 million to Mexico. Another important thing that occurred after (?) the war was the Wilmot Proviso which restricted slavery in the Mexican Cession… but it failed.</p>

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<p>And if anyone wants to clarify when exactly the National Origins Act was, that would be great. Is the National Origins Act the same as the Emergency Quota Act (1920’s)? Also, can anyone please do an overview of the development of the Republican party from post-Civil War to mid-1900’s? </p>

<p>Oh, and adding to late 19th century immigration, it was southern and eastern Europeans versus previous western Europeans.</p>

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<p>Actually, I had to double-check that, the Wilmot Proviso was 1846, which was when the war started. Oops, sorry.</p>

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<p>The Emergency Quota Act in 1921, as you know was enacted to decrease the amount of immigrants coming in. The quota only let in THREE PERCENT of immigrants of nationalities already living in America based on the 1910 census.</p>

<p>Then in 1924 it was replaced by the Immigration Act in 1924, the difference is that the quota decreased from 3% to TWO PERCENT. Also it takes from the 1890 census instead of the 1910 census. I think both acts could be referred to as the National Origins Act (feel free to correct me)… just remember that Emergency Quota came first.</p>

<p>Republican party: After the Civil War, the Radical Republicans really wanted the abolition of slavery, to punish the South, and allowing blacks to vote and have rights and stuff. They dominated Congress during this time as well, so the RR (controlling Congress and all) were able to get a lot of things to pass such as the 14th amendment and Civil Rights Act of 1866. Also remember that they did not really like Lincoln and Johnson, because they were too “nice” to the Southerners. I’m sorry, I only answered less than half your question. That’s as far up as my republican party knowledge goes up to. There’s also Grant following Johnson, Grant was an inept president and there were scandals such as the credit mobilier scandal and the republican party doesn’t have as much of a stronghold on Congress anymore. The un-aweseomeness of Grant led to discontent within the republican party and some tried to form the Liberal Republican Party.</p>

<p>My question: Can someone explain how American started imperialism and how it ended? Just need the beginning and middle. And a basic outline of the foreign policies of the presidents during American imperialism? Thanks!</p>

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<p>American imperialism: United States began being imperialistic around the turn of the century (late 1800-early 1900). The reasons were for raw materials, markets (US was industrializing), and because European countries were doing it and US didn’t want to be left behind. Around this time there was an expansion in the US navy due to the book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890) by Alfred Thayer Mahan. Yellow journalism promoted war with Spain by exaggerating the plight of the Cuban people, who were fighting for independence from Spain. The sinking of the Maine caused McKinley to declare war on Spain. </p>

<p>The Spanish-American War: 1898, remember Theodore Roosevelt fought in it, US won and got the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico. US annexed Philippines, led to revolt led by Emilio Aguinaldo as they wanted their independence. Cuba: w/ Platt Amendment, US basically made it a protectorate+established Guantanamo Bay. </p>

<p>Hawaii: 1893 US helped overthrow Queen Liliuokalani. 1898 McKinley completed annexation.</p>

<p>Open Door Policy - US Sec of State Hay sent note to countries stating that all countries would have equal trade in China, no one rejected so considered a success.</p>

<p>Theodore Roosevelt: “speak softly and carry a big stick”. Expansionist. Panama Canal - Big problem was diseases like yellow fever. Significance - Connected Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Roosevelt Corollary: US will intervene to make Latin American countries pay their debts–>discontent from L. America.</p>

<p>Okay, I’m tired so I’ll stop. Does someone want to cover Taft/Wilson w/ regard to imperialism? And I’d also like someone to talk about the Gilded Age please.</p>

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<p>Anyone wanna explain domestic policy from 1783-1990’s?? ya, kidding but it’s clear you guys are all amsco. lol good luck tommorow!</p>

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<p>Lol, I’m in love with AMSCO. P:</p>

<p>And I have to go, but the Gilded Age is a lot of what we previously mentioned, since it was in the late 1800’s. The main presidents I associate with the Gilded Age are: Grant, Hayes, Garfield, and Arthur. There was the rise of Stalwarts vs. Half Breeds in the Republican party (Garfield was Stalwart and Arthur was a Half Breed, if I’m correct), and the ones who didn’t want to get involved in this corrupt system were nicknamed Mugwumps. Arthur then passed the Pendleton Act that restricted this prevalent spoils system. As for scandals, the Teapot Dome, the Credit Mobilier, etc.</p>

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<p>Marshall Plan–During Truman administration. Proposed by George Marshall in response to war ruined Europe. It was a plan where the US would aid Europe and build up their economies. The Plan was created to protect and build up Europe. As you may know, a weak country becomes vulnerable to Communism. We definitely did not want that. The Soviet Union and the eastern European countries that they “owned” didn’t take part in the program.
The Marshall Plan worked. We would basically have Europe buy our goods, so our economy benefited as well.</p>

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<p>@ Tiki</p>

<p>Don’t forget Jane Fonda!</p>

<p>She met with Communist Vietnamese and had a “nice, friendly tour” of Vietnam with them.</p>

<p>There are pictures of her holding the reigns of an anti-aircraft launcher that was supposedly not in use, that is uncertain, however.</p>

<p>She spoke out against soldiers returning home from POW camps who described horrific torture, stating that she had seen the camps and that they were humanitarian, and only recently rescinded such statements.</p>

<p>Also:
McCain was a POW</p>

<p>LBJ was upset that money couldn’t go towards “The Great Society,” for it was spent on the war effort</p>

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<p>@jwg257</p>

<p>You should note that LBJ wasn’t completely concerned with implementing “The Great Society.” Remember the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, where he was given the right to follow whatever measures he considered necessary with regard to Vietnam. With this, he sent more troops to S.V. and voluntarily escalated the war effort.</p>

<p>It’s true that Johnson wanted to better “TGS,” but it can’t be said that LBJ was altogether very upset about spending so much money on the war effort since he had done the work to increase our involvement in the war to begin with.</p>

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<p>I dunno why Teapot Dome is up there when you’re listing presidents from 1860s - 1880s.</p>

<p>The main Presidential scandals
John Quincy Adams -> “corrupt bargain” w/ Henry Clay
U.S Grant -> Credit Mobilier/Whiskey Ring (some more)
Warren G. Harding -> Teapot Dome/Veteran’s Bureau (some more)
Richard M. Nixon -> Watergate
Bill Clinton -> Lewinsky Scandal (note the scandal wasn’t got him impeached it was perjury)</p>