<p>
</p>
<p>No, we have not had any discussion regarding functional groups. Do you have any questions in particular?</p>
<p>Hey all. I am confused on the following: Differences between: eukaryote cell, prokaryote cell, and virus. A nice outline will be helpful ^^.
I always get these mixed up… and I always think that protists are prokaryotes lol.</p>
<p>Eukaryotes:
[ul][<em>]Presence of individual organelles
[</em>]Predominantly multicellular
[<em>]Aerobic metabolism
[</em>]DNA encapsulated within histone proteins in chromosomes
[<em>]Presence of a cytoskeleton
[</em>]Larger ribosomes (80S - with 40S and 60S subunits)
[li]Larger relative to prokayotic cells [/ul]</p>[/li]
<p>Prokaryotes:
[ul][<em>] Lack of interior membranes; lack of membrane-bound organelles
[</em>]Predominantly unicellular
[<em>]Metabolism may be aerobic or anaerobic
[</em>]Circular, “naked” DNA
[<em>]Lack of a cytoskeleton
[</em>]Smaller ribosomes (70S, with 30S and 50S subunits)
[li]Small relative to eukaryotic cells [/ul]</p>[/li]
<p>Viruses:
[ul][<em>]May be composed of DNA, RNA, or both
[</em>]Contain protein subunits that protect the genetic material
[<em>]Lipid-based envelope to withstand the rigors of their environment
[</em>]Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase surface receptors (first initials are the namesakes of viruses such as H1N1)[/ul]</p>
<p>are archae and eubacteria domains both prokaryotic?</p>
<p>Yes. They are highly distinctive forms of prokaryotes due to their ribsomal RNA (rRNA) structure.</p>
<p>Describe the differences among mRNA, tRNA, and tRNA</p>
<p>Man how terrible would it be if all four essays were on subjects I forgot/didn’t cover/didn’t know enough. I think I might die. Irrational fear since I’ve only gotten full credit on every essay given this year but still, that would suck.</p>
<p>^^DNA is transcribed into m(essenger)RNA, a single-stranded, unbonded (word?) RNA molecule similar to DNA except for the sugar (ribose instead of deoxyribose), the single strand, and the base uracil instead of thymine.</p>
<p>mRNA is then exported from the nucleus and binds to a large and small ribosomal subunit. These subunits are an amalgamation of r(ibosomal)RNA and ribosomal proteins. rRNA is folded in on itself and associated with the protein. t(ransfer)RNA has an anticodon region (on the end of one of its “spikes”) which is three “normal” RNA bases that is complementary to a codon, a three-base mRNA sequence. Each codon/anticodon is associated with a specific amino acid. In addition to the anticodon, tRNA has a site where it can bond to this specific amino acid. tRNA is held in shape by hydrogen bonding between adjacent arms and also incorporates the base I (don’t remember what it stands for :o) which can account for some of the redundancy in the genetic code. The ribosome uses the mRNA to put the tRNA in order, and to bind the aa’s on the tRNA’s together into a polypeptide.</p>
<p>[ul][li]If a segment of DNA is 5’-AGT GCG AGC-3’, the RNA that results from the transcription of this segment will be</p>[/li]
<p>[list]<a href=“A”></a> 3’-UCA CGC UCG-5’
<a href=“B”></a> 3’-TGA CGC TCG-5’
<a href=“C”></a> 3’-TGU GCG TCG-5’
<a href=“D”></a> 5’-CAU GAG UAC-3’
<a href=“E”>*</a> 5’-GUC ACG UGC-3’[/ul][/list]</p>
<p>A. I hope. 10 char</p>
<p>Excellent!</p>
<p>[ul] [li]How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce one molecule of glucose?[/li][list] <a href=“A”></a> 1
<a href=“B”></a> 2
<a href=“C”></a> 3
<a href=“D”></a> 6
<a href=“E”>*</a> 12 [/ul][/list]</p>
<p>nvm, thought you were talking about the Krebs cycle and ATP</p>
<p>Since 1 surplus carbon is harvested every turn from CO2 I think? it would be 6 turns (D) to get glucose, a six carbon molecule.</p>
<p>Yes, the Calvin cycle yields one carbon per cycle. Thus, six cycles are required to obtain the required amount necessary for a glucose molecule.</p>
<p>What are some similarities between the Calvin cycle and krebs cycle?</p>
<p>Both start with K? xD</p>
<p>^ Good point. :)</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>Most notable is that both processes occur during photosynthesis and involve ATP. However, the Calvin cycle uses ATP for carbon fixation while the Krebs cycle occurs to facilitate the generation of a greater quantity of ATP later on.</p>
<p>I thought the Krebs cycle was part of aerobic respiration?? It is an oxidative, catabolic process while the Calvin cycle is an anabolic process.</p>
<p>guys where ru in ap bio we r soooo far behind we didnt start animals evolution or ecology!!!
And after next week we have a 2 week break what should I do?</p>
<p>We just finished the nervous system, and now we’re going to do plants —> ecology —> biotech, and then we’ll start reviewing.</p>
<p>We’re still on genetics :/. We still didn’t cover Plants/Evolution/Animal Anatomy & Physiology.</p>
<p>This week I had plans to cover 1-2 chapters of Animal Anatomy & Physiology on my own, but I have a 2 chapter tests on different days and then on Friday, I have a Unit Test. I don’t know how it’s going to happen :/</p>