can someone help me with another lvl 5 Writing SAT question?

Test Preparation
1

<p>(That) I (have little interest) in art is not the fault of my parents, (taking) me to art exhibits and galleries from the time (I was) ten years old. No error.</p>

<p>Error is (taking) and I've searched online and people keep saying it is ambiguous that it should be "who took". How can it be ambiguous, the only noun the phrase can modify is parents because, logically, you can't take yourself anywhere :/</p>

<p>Another</p>

<p>(Determined) to make a name (for herself) (as a writer) of short stories, Helen never submits anything to an editor until (revising) it several times. No error.</p>

<p>The error is at "revising" and I'm not too sure why.</p>

<p>The word "revising" is the present participial of "to revise" and so technically, the sentence means "until she revises it several times" Why is this wrong? I don't understand.</p>

<p>If this is wrong, I can't think of a reason why this is correct:</p>

<p>Politicians "entering" politics believe that money is more important than morals. </p>

<p>The word "entering" means "who enter" and is the present participial of "to enter'. The two examples are the same... I'm so confounded regarding gerunds, participials, and infinitives...</p>

<p>please help!</p>

2

<p>“until she revises it several times” is also wrong. The events come in sequence. First the revising, then the submitting. A correct version might look like this:</p>

<p>“Helen never submits anything to an editor until she has revised it several times.”</p>

<p>I cannot think of an idiomatic way to rephrase that using only a participle and keeping “until.”</p>

3

<p>Grammatically, the structure of that usage seems correct. But my impression is that it is not idiomatic for “until” to be followed by a present participle. Idioms have no reason for being what they are. They just are.</p>

4

<p>People use the construction, but not very often. For example, if you Google “until going” (use the quotes) you’ll get 170,000 hits. That seems like a lot, but if you Google “before going” you’ll get 38,000,000 hits. Google hits are not the best evidence when the numbers are close, but two orders of magnitude difference strikes me as pretty clear evidence that until + PP is a non-standard form. @Jor26029</p>

<p>Note. In recipes/instructions, you will often see this shorthand form using the past participle:</p>

<p>Cook until done.</p>

<p>I guess that’s a specialized exception.</p>