<p>There is a gentleman’s agreement among the Ivy League schools regarding athletic recruitment. There is a formula called the Academic Index which combines test scores and GPA. The schools have never formally revealed this formula, but there are numerous links that produce an estimate. Here’s one: </p>
<p><a href=“http://www.academicrecruits.com/AcademicRecruits/Eligibility_files/IvyAI.jpg[/url]”>http://www.academicrecruits.com/AcademicRecruits/Eligibility_files/IvyAI.jpg</a></p>
<p>The bare minimum Academic Index is 176, which is roughly a 3.0 GPA and SAT’s of 1140 (CR +M). However, very few, if any are admitted at that low a level. Your niece would have to be another Lynn Jennings (who set world track records and was running at national levels in high school) to get in with a 176.</p>
<p>The athletic recruits for the school as a whole need to have an Academic Index within one standard deviation of the class as a whole, except for football, which has to be within two standard deviations. I read somewhere that Princeton’s Academic Index (AI) overall for athletes is 214, and the AI overall for Princeton is 228, to give you a general idea of the distance between athletes and non-athletes.</p>
<p>An athlete with an AI of 211 would have a 650 CR, 750 Math and a GPA of 3.75.</p>
<p>Each sport has a maximum number of admission slots. Football has the most, with 30. Other sports have far fewer, and the schools don’t have to use all of them unless they want to. I’m not sure how many women’s track slots there are, but you may be able to find that on the internet. </p>
<p>The schools aren’t required to have the AI’s for each team be within one standard deviation of the class in general – they merely need to have all athletes (excepting football) be within one standard deviation. If a school wants to have all of its lower AI admits in one sport and make it up by having other sports have higher average AI’s, they can. It has been rumored that Harvard has brought up their basketball program recently by bringing on basketball players with AI’s towards the bottom of the scale. If this rumor is true, that means that the other 220 or so athletes at Harvard have to have slightly higher AI’s on the whole to make up for a few basketball players with low AI’s.</p>
<p>Yale’s basketball coach was quoted as saying that his basketball team has an average AI over 200. He also said he would get no recruits in the 170’s and few, if any, in the 180’s.</p>
<p>Sports that are low profile or are less important to a given school usually have higher average AI’s than the other sports. Some marginal athletes with high AI’s are recruited just to bring up a team’s average AI, even if they have little chance of seeing playing time. </p>
<p>This is a simplification – this gets far more complicated. </p>
<p>This article from the New York Times gives a pretty good idea how things work: <a href=“Before Athletic Recruiting in the Ivy League, Some Math - The New York Times”>Before Athletic Recruiting in the Ivy League, Some Math - The New York Times;
<p>To answer your question, sports can have a huge influence on getting in, but only if the coach wants your niece enough to give her an admissions slot (otherwise, sports is simply another activity, even if the kid is All-State). Coaches make the decisions about who gets the slots – admissions doesn’t rank the athletic side of an athlete’s application. Those slots are coveted, and she’ll have to do what she can to get the coach’s attention. If she is able to get one of those slots, she will also be getting recruited by countless other schools.</p>
<p>She should start by talking to her coach about the recruiting process in general (hopefully the coach knows how the game works). If she’s in 10th grade, she should be concentrating on what she can do to get herself noticed by coaches in general. Bear in mind that there are countless rules about coaches contacting high school kids, which the Ivy League must follow as well as the coaches at Arizona State, even though the Ivy League has no scholarships.</p>