Your AP list is impressive, could get you one or two semesters in calc, physics, chem, which is the freshman core engineering classes. Bio would allow you to go to med school or go into biomedical or biochemical engineering. You also are getting a check mark under academic rigor.
The history, english, etc classes depend a lot on your college and their scheme of general ed requirements for engineers. You may have other options than UT-Austin, although that is a great school.
I do agree that most people would not double major, engineering is really a team sport (project teams are interdisciplinary and anything more complex than a doorknob requires more than one specialty) and you do not need to play both offense and goalie, just do one well and other teammates will take care of the rest. So you are looking for your niche. Really, that is much easier to understand at college after more background classes.
A minor or just extra chemistry or mechanics classes, sure … pre-med would require another set of classes.
So alternative energy and almost every aspect of it is a team sport. Electric cars = mechanical + chem (battery) + electrical + material science. Biofuels = chem (manufacture) + mech (engine aspects ?). Windmills (mech+elect). Etc.
Also if you want 40 years of career, think beyond the alternative energy current industry. What is hot now may be completely obsolete in 10 years.
What are solar fuels ?
Not sure how life sciences fits in … Growing plants is agricultural engineering, biofuels implies some biochemical engineering (enzymes, vats, etc) to break down those plants.
I am actually a ChemE (biochem option) engineer who has worked in Aerospace for 20+ years (Chem E was slow so Aerospace company took top chemEs) and now have a masters in ME. The only things I really was missing as a ChemE was aerodynamics, advanced mechanics, and material science (Solids not “chemical” mostly fluids) classes. My chemistry and biology are not used that much … but I am more fluids oriented than some peers.
Grad school is another opportunity to take classes, but they are much harder than undergraduate classes.
Common elements are the core (1st two years) engineering classes, fluids, heat transfer/thermodynamics,
Some ChemE programs have statics and dynamics requirements. Most have years of chemistry. Fluid, heat and mass flow are important, mostly pipe flow of fluids and gases. Many senior level classes are really chemical plant design classes. There is not much chemistry involved in Chemical engineering, you just need the classes to work in the field. Jobs would mostly be in chemical companies or fuel companies (bio or petro) or in the production of biological products (pharma, food, etc).
ME has fluids mostly external flow, heat transfer, mechanical design, mechanics of materials (solids). Jobs are broadly scattered in all industries and all products. Specialties are stress, dynamics, thermal, mechanical design, machining (how do you design to manufacture), etc. Lots of solids + fluids.
I would see if UT-Austin or other engineering schools in your area have programs for high school students I think you could get a lot more insight into both fields by touring facilities and talking to professors and students about their particular interests. Also, if there are companies you are interested in, see who they mostly hire and maybe try to ask for a tour or something.