<p>Okay people, it is time for us geographers to get down to business. I'll ask the first question, whoever answers it posts a new question, and so on. </p>
<p>What is outsourcing? Why is it important in the concept of a new international division of labor?</p>
<p>Outsourcing is when companies move jobs overseas to other countries to take advantage of lower costs, usually in the forms of wages and tax exemptions. This has made the world economy more global. Companies now are spread across all continents. (There’s more, but I forget)</p>
<p>Umm… What are push and pull factors, and how do they affect migration today?</p>
<p>Push factors are factors that push people away from a region. For example, an unstable government or ethnic conflict would cause people to be pushed from the area. Pull factors are the opposite-they pull people into a country or region. For example, a stable government and political peace would pull someone into a country. Both affect migration by offering incentives for people to either leave a place or move to a new place. Today, it is much easier for people to migrate then it was before the Industrial Revolution and other technological advancements came about, so people generally migrate more.</p>
<p>Okay, I’ll ask a question:</p>
<p>What is the difference between the Gross National Product, the Gross Domestic Product, and the Net National Product?</p>
<p>Sorry I didn’t post a new question…</p>
<p>Gross National Product is the total goods and services produced by a country, including externally. GDP is the much the same, but only those produced inside the mother country. NNP is the GDP minus the amount it costs to extract or produce the goods or services. </p>
<p>Explain the basics of the Core-Periphery Model (i.e. World Systems Analysis)</p>
<p>Sorry, I messed up- the NNP is the GNP minus extraction/production costs.</p>
<p>There are several core nations, which are usually the more developed ones. These countries have industrialized and have a relatively high standard of living. The periphery nations are the developing countries. The semi-periphery nations are somewhat in between; they are in the process of industrializing, but more so than the periphery nations. In the days of colonialism, the periphery nations supplied raw materials to the Europeans and other colonizers. This classification can change over time. Japan was late in the process of industrialization, but is now at the center of the core nations. </p>
<p>Explain the four stages of demographic transition.</p>
<p>Stage 1-High Birth rates and high death rates combine to make a low rate of increase
Stage 2-Death rate goes down for various reasons- population growth rate soars
Stage 3-RNI slows down as birth rates lower
Stage 4-Low birth rates and low death rates combine to make a low rate of increase</p>
<p>Explain Friedrich Ratzel’s Organic Theory</p>
<p>Come on people</p>
<p>Friedrich Ratzel’s Organic Theory argued that states want more land and, like organisms, want to become larger via “nourishment” in the form of land. This theory was used by Hitler to justify his actions during WWII and has since then been largely irrelevant. </p>
<p>Explain the central place theory in relation to metropolitan areas.</p>
<p>Answer to the above q:
Take a look at this diagram: <a href=“http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall93/fig1osika.jpg[/url]”>http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall93/fig1osika.jpg</a></p>
<p>Disregard the words, but basically the concentric model shows that there is a core of a city in the middle and then different settlements sprout up around it.</p>
<p>One can see that housing, usually, gets cheaper as you go out.</p>
<p>Central Place Theory is used to explain the size and distribution of goods and services in a population. LArger metroplolitan areas are spaced farther apart from each other cause services in larger area are usually high-order goods/services and require a large market area, as composed to smaller cities which is the opposite 
</p>
<p>What are the advantages and disadvantages of a dot and choropleth maps?</p>
<p>as opposed*</p>
<p>Dot diagrams can give a more detailed view of what you’re showing. On a choropleth map, the entire region is shaded, even though some areas may be more of the __ than others. For instance, in a population map, you may shade Egypt a certain color, and it would seem relatively low. However, if you use a dot diagram, you will see that the population is concentrated along the Nile. A choropleth map is still useful though, as it provides a clearer and less cluttered way of presenting information. It is also useful when comparing regions; dot diagrams would have to make you count the dots. </p>
<p>What are some tools geographers use to study spatial interactions?</p>
<p>Um, updated maps would be useful, such as satellite images and such. Geographic Information Systems would also be useful in studying spatial interactions. </p>
<p>Define Supranational Organization, and give three examples.</p>
<p>three countries working together for a common purpose, whether it be economic, political, or for military reasons. OPEC, NAFTA, and the EU.</p>
<p>What are the differences between centriptal and centrifugal forces and give an example of each</p>
<p>Centripetal forces bind a country together, and centrifugal tear it apart.<br>
Example of Centripetal: Common religion throughout the country.
Centrifugal: Civil War, differences of languages, religions, cultures</p>
<p>Explain the differences between a federal and a unitary state, and give an example of each.</p>
<p>Federal would be a country where there are states united by a national government. The government does have significant power, but the amount varies. If states have more power, it is called a confederation. A unitary state is one without states, where the central government has the power. They can still be divided up into counties or districts, but those do not have tax-levying privileges. Examples of Federal states are the US and Mexico (Canada too), and examples of Unitary states are the UK and Japan.</p>
<p>Define the following and explain how they relate to one another: Physical geography, Human geography, and Environmental Geography.</p>
![http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall93/fig1osika.jpg[/url]](http://www.westga.edu/%7Edistance/ojdla/fall93/fig1osika.jpg%5B/url%5D){kind=link}
