<p>Oh, forgot to post my question. How was full-fledged war with France prevented during John Adams’ administration?</p>
<p>And bonus: what Supreme Court case declared unilateral secession by any State to be illegal?</p>
<p>did they still tar and feather them at that time? o_0</p>
<p>i remember the Sons of Liberty tarred and feathered tax collectors in opposition to the Stamp Act but woah… ok thanks for the new info! i didn’t know that and yeah, you’re right</p>
<p>John Adams pursued essentially a Federalist view about war with France but avoided a total war, although there were events such as the XYZ affair in which the french government was after bribes due to their resentment of Jay’s Treaty. This led to a so called Quasi-War which never escalated to a great extent. </p>
<p>What were the relationships between labor and industry in the period after reconstruction?</p>
<p><em>I will ramble for a while</em> it also helps me to study when i type what i read</p>
<p>Imperialism 1880-1914
dollar diplomacy- derisive term for us foreign policy desgined to protect the interests of us corporations in latin america
protectorate- country whose affairs are controlled by a stronger country (cuba)
In the years before the civil war, Americans settled the land between the Mississippi RIver and the pacific ocean. Causes of imperialism were industrial development: us needed raw materials, military considerations: us saw itself in competition with european powers, Mahan argued that America needed to expand its military, social reasons: racism, superiority of anglo saxons, protestants felt a responsibility to bring their God to others, Pro-imperialist presidents: McKinley, TR, Taft</p>
<p>Hawaii- one of the first overseas acquisitions, sugar crop, us encouraged planters to rebel against Queen Lilioukalani, annexed in 1898
Spanish American War- independence movement in cuba, cuban sugar of interest, yellow journalism: aroused sympathy of American public for the Cubans fighting for independence from a European power(former spanish colony, obviously), de Lome letter: spanish minister wrote this to McKinley and criticized him for being weak, Maine sinks: explosion in havana harbor, 260 killed, us blamed spain</p>
<p>1898- war declared on spain, fighting took place in philippines, treaty of paris stipulated that Cuba would become independent, Guam and Puerto Rico to US, us pay spain 20 million for philippines</p>
<p>Aftermath: war created a small, far-flung empire for the Unitd States, did not grant philippines independence, Emilio led a rebellion in the philippines against US
Cuba received independence, but platt amendement gave us the right to intervene in cuban affairs, made cuba a protectorate, (us still has a naval base at Guantanamo bay)
Foraker Act denied US citizenship to puerto ricans, insular cases- “constitution doesn’t follow the flag” </p>
<p>Open Door Policy in China: china had vast population, nonexistent industrial capacity, European powers had spheres of influence there, us pushed for all nations to have equal access to china, helped suppress the boxer rebellion 1900</p>
<p>Panama Canal: TR president, connect pacific and atlantic oceans, facilitate trade between Asia and east coast US, more rapid deployment of US forces, rebellion of Colombia Panamanians, Varilla Treaty- us got the 10 mile wide canal zone, huge construction project lasted 10 years, panama canal increased us power, returned to panama in 1999 by carter</p>
<p>roosevelt corollary- TR wanted active role for us in latin america, “speak softly and carry a big stick” set forth that the United States would intervene in Latin America if us investments were threatened</p>
<p>taft, dollar diplomacy, anti-imperialists: taft was a republican who succeeded roosevelt, critics of imperialism used dollar diplomacy to imply that business interests drove us foreign policy, anti imperialist league formed-pointed out racist assumptions in teh belief that native peoples could not rule themselves</p>
<p>summary: america from 1890s to WWI established the country as a presence on teh world stage, opened new markets, made an effort to avoid direct control over foreign lands, it attempted to establish a series of relationships that safeguarded us interests, end of us isolationism</p>
<p>haha, thanks for your rant pigs at sea! btw, can someone explain Roosevelt’s Square Deal, and Big Stick Diplomacy, and Dollar Diplomacy? Those are all blending in my mind and I keep getting confused between them.
and yankeedoodle, yeah they did! It’s weird huh? I thought they stopped tar and feathering in colonial times, but I guess not…</p>
<p>@CharlesV care to answer your own question? i didn’t really know what it is in the first one… but to answer your bonus it was in the Supreme Court of Alaska, in Kalhaas vs. State (2006).</p>
<p>here’s my question: compare the problems encountered with the systems of: Articles of Confederation, the Confederate States of America, and of the League of Nations.</p>
<p>@Melody244 let’s break this down into sections, shall we?</p>
<p>Square Deal: Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic policy trying to protect the rights of the labor-workers. It’s notable to say that he used the executive office as the Bully Pulpit and believed that the president served as the steward, or mediator, between the government and the people. This can be seen with Roosevelt’s personal intervention in the Anthracite Mining Strike with which he dealt with both the management and labor unions until they could come to a fair deal.</p>
<p>Big Stick Diplomacy: Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy, it was an extention to Manifest Destiny, called Imperialism, a spread of democracy abroad. With this, we were able to set precedence of the US on the international stage and demonstrate ourselves as a leading nation. Actions, such as his expansion of the navy producing the “Great White Fleet” demonstrates his imperialism.</p>
<p>Dollar Diplomacy: William Howard Taft’s foreign policy in which he primarily tried to instill American currency in the Latin American and Chinese markets. The lead to the Open Door Policy in China which assured all nations economic interests in a country. Taft, to an extent, did achieve making greater spheres of influence with this dollar diplomacy. He was also an imperialist.</p>
<p><em>more rambling</em> haha i’m doing this chronologically</p>
<p>Era- 1900-1920 progressive era</p>
<p>key terms
direct primary- allowed citizens rather than political machines to choose candidates for political office
initiative- enabled voters to introduce legislation
muckrakers- journalists who exposed urban poverty, unsafe working conditions, corruption blah
pragmatism- william james and john dewey
referendum- mechanism for voters to approve or object to legislation</p>
<p>the us experienced intense industrialization, rapid urbanization, growth of big business in 19th century, labor movement arose, middle class men and women put forth a series of proposals for incremental reforms to improve aspects of society</p>
<p>influences: pragmatism, Dewey argued that government actions should be judged by what good they do for society, influenced by move toward greater efficiency, social gospel belief that religious institutions should improve society, inspiration from populist movement and socialist party</p>
<p>reformers: middle class, professional people, doctors, social workers, scientists, managers, muchrakers’ work led to reforms, the Jungle led to passage of pure food and drug act, meat inspection act</p>
<p>women: active in movement, discontented with discrimination, denied right to participate in electoral system</p>
<p>issues
better government: aftermath of a hurricane in galveston texas, there were calls for a more efficient city government after the local machine proved incapable of dealing with it, political machines were replaced by commissioners who were selected to run the city departments, many cities replaced their mayor with a city mayor
state goernment: reform started in wisconsin with LaFollette, he insituted direct primary, initiative, referendum, recall(allowed citizens to cut short a politician’s term by calling for a special electrion)
national government: 17th amendment 1913 direct election of senators
suffrage: wanted voting privileges, by 1914 11 states gave women teh right to vote, 19th amendement of 1920 have all women right to vote</p>
<p>consumer protection: new laws called for truthful labeling of food and drugs, regulation of the insurance industry, and new building codes</p>
<p>protecting workers: The Jungle highlighted unsafe conditions in factories, workers’ compensation laws passed, worst accident in 1911, when 146 garment workers died in a fire at the triangle shirtwaist company in NYC, led to protests, stricter fire codes, abolition of labor for those under 14, progressive reformers paid special attention to addressing workplace issues relating to women and children, muller v Oregon- 10 hr workday, set a precednet of the supreme court using its power for social reform</p>
<p>progressive presidents: TR and wilson, taft
roosevelt administration: square deal, equal opportunity, trustbuster, targeted bad trusts, Hepburn Act-strengthened ICC, conservation- protecting the environment, national conservation committee created</p>
<p>taft- big stick, conservative, progressives pushed for lower tariffs, payne aldrich tariffy was a compromise measure, barely lowering tariffs, 16th amendment-federal income tax</p>
<p>1912 election- tensions within republican party, TR formed Bull Moose Party(progressive party), democratic Wilson won</p>
<p>wilson: second democrat to be elected since civil war, underwood tariff- reduced tariffs, Federal reserve act- address lack of a flexible currency, lack of stability, lack of central control over banking, Federal Reserve Bank created was able to regulate the money supply
federal trade commision- investigate dishonest business practices
clayton antitrust act-1914, stronger than sherman antitrust act</p>
<p>african americans
progressives did not address discrimination against blacks, plessyv ferguson, jim crow laws, kkk, wilson segragated government offices
Du Bois: NAACP, argued for immediate end to segregation
booker t washington: accomodationist, seek to improve through hard work</p>
<p>summary: progressive era established a more activist government, not hostile to business, many actually felt that eliminating the abusive practices of business would restore people’s faiths in the free market system, helpted make political process more democratic</p>
<p>@camemil: essentially, John Adams limited himself to building up the U.S. Navy in defence preparations, and while he did oversee some naval engagements, he never seeked to expand the war further. His diplomatic efforts finally ended the Quasi-War with the Convention of 1800.</p>
<p>On the secession question, I’ve never heard of Kalhaas v. State. I was thinking about Texas v. White (1869).</p>
<p><em>rant continued</em></p>
<p>US and WWI 1914-1920</p>
<p>vocab
alliances: self explanatory, cause of WWI, think about your friends…haha
imperialism: nation conquers other nations
militarism: development of large military forces for agression(not defense)
nationalism: pride in nation</p>
<p>intro: Wilson wanted war, alied nations were suspicious of wilson at the peace table. his attempt to establish an international organization to prevent future wars was met with resistance by us, indicating a fear of war and desire for isolationism</p>
<p>world at war: competition among europe, hostility, triple entente(allies) were england, france, russia. central powers- germany, austria, italy
assassination of franz ferdinand, the archduke of austria by a serbian, alliances began working</p>
<p>US neutral: new technology, german U boats, sank british Lusitania 100 americans died, sank arabic, us protested, germany also attacked the sussex, a french ship with americans on board. agreed to sussex pledge no more attacks on unarmed vessels only if us could persuade britain to lift the blockade on germany
1917 kaiser resumed unrestricted submarine warfare, wilson wanted to “make the world safe for democracy” </p>
<p>US at war
liberty bonds issued to finance the war, CPI organized, civilian council of defense established, war industries board established, national war labor board established, food administration established, fuel administration established
espionage and sedition acts- 1917,1918 fined those who interfered with teh draft or sale of bonds, schenck v us-“clear and present danger” Schenck, a socialist, distributed leaflets to discourage men from entering the military, claimed he had the right to free speech, Justice Holmes disagreed
1918 WWI ended</p>
<p>peace, league of nations
european nations wanted revenge against germany for aggression, us little touched by the war
wilson’s 14 points:
end of secret alliances
freedom of the seas
establishment of equality in trade
arms reduction
self determination
return of alsace lorraine to france
league of nations to deal with world problems</p>
<p>allies only wanted revenge against germany, accepted article X of the fourteen points which called for the league of nations, wilson was disappointed
treaty of versailles- 9 new nations created, germany forced to pay reparations and stripped of its land, held responsible
Lodge rejected article X, fearful that it would lead the country into another war, wilson refused to compromise, congress defeated loge reservations</p>
<p>summary- wilson’s failure to gain approval for the treaty of versailles undermined any positive effects the league of nations might have had, harshness of this treaty placed germany in an economic depression, breeding ground for hitler</p>
<p>anyone know sites with the best APUSH Outlines online?</p>
<p>There are multiple, though not all are very detailed. It’s very easy to find no substance outlines from sites like cramnotes, but a serious outline can be found at </p>
<p>[THE</a> GIANT AHAP REVIEW](<a href=“Yahoo | Mail, Weather, Search, Politics, News, Finance, Sports & Videos”>Yahoo | Mail, Weather, Search, Politics, News, Finance, Sports & Videos)</p>
<p>Unfortunately, she doesn’t cover all the way up to the present, since it was presented so long ago to her (no Obama then, and they would not even imagine testing her on Clinton)</p>
<p>camemil-you are amazing! thank you so much!
pigs at sea- keep the rants coming :)</p>
<p>to answer the question about the Articles of Confederation, the Confederacy and the League of Nations</p>
<p>All of the above lacked cohesion and power in unity.
Articles of Confederation - didn’t allow the Federal government to tax to repay debts, form armies to protect the country?, establish a money standard, and established a congress with one house where each state had one vote.
Decisions could not be made easily, commerce was disrupted, America’s esteem in the world was jeopardized because we couldn’t pay the debt and looked disorganized… generally less harmonious as a unit and weaker.</p>
<p>The Confederacy had the same problems. The states didn’t want to give up their power to a central authority and blocked conscription attempts/taxes. The Confederacy had a hard time mustering up resources to fight the North</p>
<p>The League of Nations’s greatest flaw was the lack of United States. The reason we didn’t join was because Democrats were afraid that joining would bind us to commit to military action without approval through Senate and isolationism. </p>
<p>basically a reluctance to give up individual rights and concede made all three weak.</p>
<p>my question: discuss FDR’s actions to combat the Great Depression. as much detail as possible… list the programs, his opponents, etc.</p>
<p>Also, I was just wondering, where’s there a good list for all the court cases/strikes/tariffs/compromises/panics? whatever else we need to know a lot about?</p>
<p>was it the crash course book?</p>
<p>Courtcases
[AP</a> US History Court Cases | Course-Notes.Org - Outlines, Notes, Vocabulary, Essays, DBQs, Practice Quizzes and much more!](<a href=“http://www.course-notes.org/US_History/Court_Cases]AP”>Court Cases | CourseNotes)</p>
<p>This is off the top of my head. (I AM SO NERVOUS ABOUT THE EXAM!!!)</p>
<p>FDR set up several alphabet agencies: AAA, CCC, WPA…
That were intended to create more jobs and reduce the effects of the depression. The AAA was eventually ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, but another similar act was passed to deal with the farmers problem (can’t remember the name). The CCC worked on conservation but create several jobs- I remember the CCC did not allow blacks & women to join though. Correct me if I am wrong.
the WPA did something about creating jobs with public works or whatever.
The TVA overlooked the construction of the dam or something?</p>
<p>Opponents:
Huey Long - Share the Wealth Socialism
Frances Townshend? - The guy who wanted pension for people over 60 and thought FDR was neglecting the old
Father Coughlan or something… Who accused FDR of being a communist
Sinton Upclair? - wanted more socialistic approaches</p>
<p>BUT the new deal did not do much to combat the great depression. In fact, the depression only really ended when america entered WWII.</p>
<p>People please add more to my poor list :P</p>
<p>My Question - this is a good one!</p>
<p>Elaborate on the Quebec Act, Townshend Act, Intolerable Acts, Declaratory Act, Sugar Act and Stamp Act.
What did they do? What is their historical significance? Arrange the acts into the order of happening.</p>
<p>**The Sugar Act<a href=“The%20revenue%20act”>/B</a> was passed in 1764 aimed at raising revenue by taxes on goods imported by the Americans, it was sringently inforced. The Crown needed money because of all the war debts form the French and Indian War.
**The Quartering Act **was also passed in 1764 and it required that the colonists maintain and house the British forces in their own homes.
The Currency Act was passed in 1764 which forbade once and for all any colonial attepmts to issue currency not redemable in gold or silver, making it diffuct for Americans to avoid the constant drain of money that Britain’s mercantilist policies were designed to create in the colonires.
The Stamp Act was passed in 1765 and the significance of this was that it was the first time the tax was a direct tax on the colonists. This act provided for a tax on everything that was essentially done on paper and it quickly became a center for controversy when colonists protested by exclaiming No Taxation without Representation. The Act led to the formation of the Stamp Act Congress which made resolutions against this act showing that the representatives of the colonists could work together and become acquainted with each other. The english government responded with the **Declaratory Act **in 1766 which claimed to have the power to tax or make laws on americans no matter the situation.
In 1767 the Townshed Act or Townshed Duties was passed to provide revenue for the Crown, the response was mild, but this was important because British troops were sent into Boston to make the colonists obey this act. Led to the Boston Massacre in 1770.
The **Tea Act **of 1773 After the British East India Company failed. They agreed to ship tea directly to the colonists and the result would be cheaper thus colonists would buy with the tax and all. The colonists resisted this tax vigorously even though the tea was cheaper, leading to the Boston Tea Party where they threw all the Tea the ships had into the Boston Harbor.
Parliament responded with the Intolerable Acts in 1774 First, the boston port was closed and trade was prohibited. Next, the Massachusetts’ royal government took the power at the expense of the colonists legislature, and also those who were accused of crimes wouldnt be tried, and would be taken elsewhere where they would probably be acquitted. Finally there was a strengthened Quartering act.
Next The Quebec Act 1774 extended the providence of Quebec into the Ohio River, established Catholicism as the official religion and set up for Quebec a government withou representative authority.
The last two acts led to the First Continential Congress in 1774 and they asked for relief and forgiveness. in the second continential congress the people still asked for forgiveness with the Olive Branch petition.</p>
<p>My question is, list some of the events that heightened the sectional struggles in the antebellum period, and what was their significance?</p>
<p>We could discuss the events leading up to the Civil War as a consecutive series of compromises that failed to find a solution to the core of the problem and left enough tension and distrust to lead for secession.</p>
<ul>
<li>Three-Fifths Compromise: compromise during the drafting of the Constitution that the slave population of each State would be counted as three-fifths for the purposes of taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.</li>
<li>Missouri Compromise of 1820: admitted Missouri as a slave State; to maintain the balance in Congress, Maine was broken up from Massachusetts and admitted as a free State; expansion of slavery would not be allowed in the territories from the Louisiana Purchase North of the 36º30’ parallel.</li>
<li>Tariff of 1828 and Nullification Crisis: there was much Southern opposition to the so-called Tariff of Abominations because of the increase in consumer prices that it brought about. South Carolina attempted to nullify both the Tariff of 1828 and 1832, leading to the Nullification Crisis: can a State have the power to nullify Federal law? John C. Calhoun, Vice-President under Jackson, supported the concept of nullification. Andrew Jackson, obviously, stridently opposed it. In this States’ Rights vs. Federal Power conflict, Jackson threatened to use military force against South Carolina, and SC legislature reconvened and withdrew its Ordinance of Nullification.</li>
</ul>
<p>Everything was calm for a while until… the Mexican-American War and the massive territories that the US acquired!</p>
<ul>
<li>Wilmot Proviso: a legislative attempt to prohibit the expansion of slavery into territories acquired from Mexico. Angered the South, and representative of Northern continued concern with slavery, and </li>
</ul>
<p>Then the big one:
- COMPROMISE OF 1850: A massive attempt by Henry Clay and Stephen Douglas to resolve the conflicting issues and preserve the Union. It 1) admitted California as a free state, 2) left the issue of slavery unaddressed in the Territory of New Mexico, 3) gave Texas financial compensation for relinquishing claims to New Mexico, 4) banned slave trade in D.C. and 5) enacted the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. This last piece of legislation enraged the North, as it overruled the North’s ‘‘personal liberty’’ laws that protected slaves’ right to be tried by a jury, among other protections.
- Kansas-Nebraska Act: allowed popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska. Significance? Two things: 1) it repealed the Missouri Compromise that stated that slavery would not expand north of the 36º30’, and 2) caused bitterness, rivalry and tension in both sides when many flocked into Kansas to vote one way or another and led to violence in what was called ‘‘Bleeding Kansas.’’
- Dred Scott Decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford: declared that the government owned no rights to persons imported to the US as property (i.e., slaves), and declared that the property of slaveowners (once again, slaves) could not be taken away, even in freed slaves. Significance? Practically allowed for the expansion of slavery to anywhere in the US. Further ****ed Northerners. So what angered the Southerners?
- John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry: white abolitionist led a slave revolt in Virginia in 1859. Instilled fears in the South of Northern sympathies to the slaves, and seeded anger at the North because of the perception by some of John Brown as a hero.</p>
<p>So, the final blow?
- Election of 1860: Abraham Lincoln elected on a platform that would not allow for any expansion of slavery, without racking up a single electoral college vote from the South. Followed by the secession of South Carolina, after which the rest of the Confederacy followed the suit.</p>