I think you’ll find great programs at unknown schools and some not so great programs at known schools.
Rank / pedigree doesn’t necessarily equate to - how is the quality of education, the mentorship, etc.
To answer your question, @AustenNut nut posted a table on another thread - and you see schools that’s aren’t necessarily ranked high - like Arizona (#115) and Lawrence U (#75 LAC). While you don’t want major rankings, you’ll find schools like Arizona and CU Boulder often in them for the major.
As for career prospects, you can ask each school for their outcomes or look on their career pages. But physics is listed amongst the better paying and more employable majors - and while my kid didn’t major in physics but close enough (MechE), he was loaded with interviews (too many he said) and had 5 great job offers by Christmas at #170 Alabama and works with kids from higher ranked schools, including one he turned down (Purdue).
I think ranking matters to US News people and students who think they matter - but an employer likely doesn’t care if you went to #40 Rutgers, #47, #73 Tulane, #86 Clemson, #115 Utah, #142 Oregon State, or #216 WVU - they just don’t.
Now - there may be some major specific - where the “lower” ranked may outperform the higher - as is the case with physics - and of course every school will have it’s “relationships” and perhaps in physics a Lehight, RPI or WPI - while not your regular type school - might excel.
But I would find the right school at the right price - that fits your student - because they have to be there every day, for four years.
But I don’t think bottom 50 of the top 100 or #179, etc. matters.
And I’m not sure that any of the rankings will give credence to quality of the program.
I go back to my days at Syracuse and the journalism school was right at the top. And the education - not good. My friend dropped out due to money and finished up at Montana. They had 20 kids. Whereas maybe 90% of those in my class never sniffed the industry (but some made it big), Montana placed all 20 into good jobs and Becky is a news director to this day.
I assure you they weren’t on anyone’s radar.
My daughter’s college is, for the most part, providing an excellent education - and it’s ranked in the regional universities so not even a national (College of Charleston). Small classes etc. that may not have happened at Clemson or U of S Carolina…I don’t know…but that might be something to investigate.
One final thing - today, moreso than ever and even at the Ivies as the Cornell career dashboard shows, students are finding jobs on linkedin, indeed, handshake postings (the colleges linkedin). It’s a reality - yes, there are companies targeting schools and professors can help and all that - but it’s a lot less than prior…a lot less. Covid and Zoom helped change that.
So my kid with 20 interviews and 5 offers - plus his internship the year before - done this way at school #170. My daughter found her internship with the state that way and had 7 offers for a fall internship in DC - and is at a top think tank - and yep, found this way…at Southern Regional University #9.
So the where - honestly - is far less important - so that’s the jobs question.
But I don’t think as mentioned you can necessarily equate ranking to quality - because there are many smaller or lesser known/ranked schools that will give potentially a better education.
So find the right fit…go through course offerings - who has the electives or specialties of interest - whether space/astronomy or nuclear based, etc.
Find that program that feels right to the student and if it’s one you can afford - that’s the one they should be at - no matter what US News says…which by the way is different than what Forbes, WSJ, or other rankings will say. Plus, those rankings are using a methodology that isn’t necessarily relevant to what your student or any student wants in a school.
Good luck.