<p>1) That entirely depends on what/who you want to study. Most top programs require you to read philosophers in their original language IF you’re writing your dissertation on that philosopher (so if you take a class on, say, Wittgenstein, you don’t need to know German for that class)</p>
<p>If you are doing new, original philosophical work, knowing another language is far less important. Many top philosophy programs still require you to learn a language if this is your path, but many also don’t (MIT and NYU, for example). Some schools also accept knowledge of formal logic as a “language” (as they should).</p>
<p>2) Most departments say that your school doesn’t matter, as long as it’s a respected institution. Pitt is constantly ranked among the top 10 philosophy programs in the world, so I think you’re okay.</p>
<p>3) Working on an honors thesis will help a lot, especially if it’s original philosophical work (rather than just commentary on a philosopher, though this is fine too as long as it’s not generic/obvious). Departments expect a ~25 page paper, and they don’t want you to simply turn in an essay on a philosopher that you wrote for an introductory class. If you are especially proud of an essay you wrote for such a class, spend time revising it, perfecting it, and expanding it. If you manage to get a paper published in a respectable journal, this will boost up your chances tremendously, but I don’t think most accepted students manage to do this as undergrads. </p>
<p>Basically, think about it like this: the history of philosophy is undeniably important, but these departments don’t want to see a historical paper (unless you specifically want to become a “Philosopher X” scholar). These departments are the core of contemporary philosophy, and for them philosophy is an activity. They want to see evidence of your ability to participate in that activity, so your essay should reflect that.</p>
<p>4) The scores should be high, but this isn’t true at all. The most important part of the application is your scholarly work, your recommendations, and your transcript.</p>