For a female applying to colleges, would there be a difference in applying to the engineering vs. arts & science department? Are there any meaningful differences in chances for admission, merit-aid or scholarship, research opportunities, academic flexibility and career outlook? Down the road after admission, is it possible to switch either direction between A&S and Engineering, depending on developing interests?
These are typically college-specific questions.
I agree, some universities make is very easy to switch between majors, departments, and colleges but it is very difficult in others because of closed enrollments. However, for physics, and engineering physics, the difference is likely to be relatively minimal in the core courses so either one will provide the right background for work in industry or graduate school. It is really a question of which curriculum appeals most.
if you are doing physics, I would suggest engineering physics just to have the option of putting engineer on the resume. the first year courses are probably the same, the second year courses might be different by a few courses but are sequential, so each course is a prerequisite for the next course. Engineering is very stick with their courses and when to take them, you have less freedom with electives, where are science you have more flexibility. If your not sure, go with engineering, and if you want to switch into science it should be easier to have your engineering classes count as electives. But if you take science first then switch into engineering, you risk taking courses you won’t need, which will be a waste of time as they won’t count towards your engineering degree.
My reply here is a bit late, but in case anyone else has a similar question: for a female considering engineering/physics, look at Wellesley and Smith.
Wellesley does a 5 year dual degree program with MIT that results in both a physics and engineering degree. Smith has an engineering department, so it’s a one stop shop. You cannot beat a women’s college for a confidence inspiring physics education. The opportunities are incredible and the class sizes are small. The financial aid is also generous.