<p>So what happened to the culture?</p>
<p>This is how I understand it as a research and policy person. But I quickly admit to not having more close experience than that of my now-grown children, and my own college experience a long time ago.</p>
<p>On the face of it, drinking among 18-21 year olds is actually significantly lower than it was in the late 70s. The change in the drinking age had profound effects upon drinking behavior - especially upon those ages 14-17 (who used to be supplied by the 18 year olds). Many fewer drunken driving deaths, fewer driving injuries, fewer alcohol-related accidents. Etc. From a public health perspective, a great success. We can debate the civil libertarian implications ad infinitum (and I have some sympathy to the argument).</p>
<p>Rates of binge drinking among college students (18-24, and among 18-year-olds) appear at first glance to be roughly the same as they were 20 years ago (around 44% in the past two weeks). But there is another reality underneath the data. Beginning around 2001, because of the very serious marketing attempts of companies like Smirnoff’s (Smirnoff’s Ice, Mike’s Hard Lemonade, other malt beverages - and there is a huge story about how they are manufactured, and why), kids (as young as 13) turned from beer to hard liquor. Many (especially girls) didn’t/don’t like the taste of beer, Smirnoff’s had a failing brand, and they came up with an answer (I have the sales figures, and they have soared!). And it is a short hop from the malt liquors (which have much higher alcohol content than most beer) to the “adult” product itself. Surveys now indicate that hard liquor is the beverage of choice among young people, a profound change from 20 years ago.</p>
<p>Because the kids don’t drink in bars, they never learned what a standard sized drink looks/tastes like. Many simply don’t know. The result is that the binge drinking estimates are understimates - on average, the college student who thinks s/he had four drinks (a non-binge episode) actually had nine! (And can’t figure out why s/he had a blackout!) I think it likely (but can’t prove it) that the real binge drinking rate on campuses is closer to 52%. Binge drinking IS the norm. the majority of students DID binge in the past two weeks. (And, if the Duke University studies are any indication, the percentage of students who experience one or more alcohol-related blackouts in any one year is now in the double digits - see below.)</p>
<p>What is happening which may be more salient, though, is that the binge drinkers are drinking MORE. Much more, both in terms of how much they have on each occasion, and how many times they drink per week. Rates of serious alcohol problems and/or alcoholism among young people are increasing - and from the little data I see (sometimes the data is older than I’d like) somewhat rapidly. </p>
<p>I expect (but can’t prove) that it is this drinking intensity that makes today’s campuses quite a bit different than they were even 25 years ago. I can also see (for sure - for this we do have data) that campuses - even ones where the demographics of the students are similar - can be profoundly different in their drinking cultures. </p>
<p>I expect that most parents don’t understand much about what has happened in the “alcohol market”. I certainly wouldn’t except that is part of my job, I get bombarded with the data. And so it makes it more difficult for us to make informed decisions - or even to educate our children well regarding this issue. </p>
<p>What to do with such information I don’t know, except to approach the college experience with open eyes.</p>