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Then assume that only 14% is available for financial aid, which is the amount Princeton sets aside. For Princeton, these means each student can receive $266,000- more than enough to cover the cost of their education. WUStL, on the other hand, has a mere $49,000 set aside for each student's financial aid- barely enough to cover one year!
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<p>That's not the way endowment works. Fiscally sound schools (a category that would include both Princeton and WashU) spend only the annual dividends from the endowment, leaving the principle intact. In fact, they target endowment spending so that the endowment grows to stay ahead of inflation. Most target to spend 4% to 6% of the endowment each year, figuring the endowment will earn 8% to 10% or more over time, so the earnings cover the spending and inflation. WashU spent 4.2% of endowment according to the most recent financial report. That's a conservative number and the mark of a school that is fiscally sound.</p>
<p>Here's where it gets a little tricky. Grad students, biz students, law students, and especially med students cost a ton more to educate than undergrads. Probably twice as much. WashU is half grad and professional students, so half to two-thirds of their endowment spending goes somewhere other than to undergrads. All you can do is guess about the real distribution between grad students and undergrads, but figure WashU had somewhere between $10,000 and $14,000 per undergrad in endowment spending last year (based on the total $187 million in endowment spending in their annual report).</p>
<p>To put that into perspective (using a LAC for a clean analysis because every dollar spent is spent on undergrads), Swarthmore had $39,000 in per student endowment spending last year. Neither of those numbers includes financial aid, which is treated as a discount in the revenue column, not an operating expense.</p>
<p>This per student endowment spending is a freebie to the students, kind of like a universal merit aid deal for every single student in the school. That's $14,000 (or $39,000) that is spent per student above and beyond the money received in tuition. So, again, using the LAC example, Swarthmore's per student operating spending last year was the $29,000 per student in tuiton/room & board plus the $36,000 per student in endowment spending plus annual gifts and other misc revenues, for a total of $73,000 per student. In other words, they charged $29,000 for a product that cost them $73,000. That's how you get applicants line up around the block. Do that over a period of decades and that's how you become "prestigious". Of course students want to go there. I'd like to buy a new Mercedes for $20,000; who wouldn't?</p>
<p>You can see how important per student endowment is when you translate it to the actual spending on each student (on everything from faculty to psych counseling to you name it). You can also see how increasing enrollment is not a good thing from the financial standpoint and how reducing the size of the student body can be a smart strategy.</p>