What do you get from ivy league schools that you aren't getting from top state schools?

You dont get something for nothing. Too publics like Michigan are very expensive for OOS students.
There are other public schools much cheaper. There are large and small ivies. General comparisons are of litte value.

That said, my experience with our own state schools, among the cheapest in the US, is that they do cut corners,
make it difficult to study what you want. Privates have been more accomodating as to choice of majors and classes.
But again one should not generalize, there are states better and worse than ours,
and Ivies that may fit you better than others.