Where is a good place to volunteer at and how do colleges view this?

Find a research position by looking at the bios/CVs of professors at Rutgers and elsewhere to find someone whose research area interests you.

A half-hour commute honestly doesn’t seem that far for a worthwhile opportunity. (I understand that an hour-long commute round-trip doesn’t seem appealing, but plenty of people travel farther for similar extracurriculars.)

You could also try to do only a day or two each week to minimize commuting time.

Alternatively, you could look for a closer college/university or consider a clinic of some kind if you can find one that’s closer. Another option might be distance research, although in-person would be ideal, of course.

I found this one professor who is working on Alzheimers and I did a research project on that least year and enjoyed learning about it. I am now a bit confused as to what I should email the professor. I am with doing very minor things the experience just seems cool

It’s great that you did a research project on this already! Look up some sample emails for students requesting research internships, for example, this:

https://www.hamilton.edu/documents/CRECorespondenceSamples.pdf

Obviously, yours will be a little less detailed with regard to your background, but that’s ok, since you’re a high school student, not a college student.