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<p>What “formula for average value” is there other than the integral divided by the length of the interval? </p>
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<p>MiamiDAP, colleges offer degrees in statistics. The first course in statistics will not be the formula-based, plug-and-chug statistics course that social science students take, but a course called Theory of Probability or some such, where students learn where the formulas came from. Students will need to compute average values of some fairly hairy functions. Students who can’t integrate an exponential need not apply.</p>