<p>A) ... means the same as the original phrase.</p>
<ol>
<li><p>You cannot expect to treat your friends badly and [no one notices].
A) ...
B) and have no one notice
C) without notice by someone
D) without notice by no one
E) without the result of somebody noticing</p></li>
<li><p>[Although the candidate promised both to cut taxes and improve services, he] failed to keep either of them after the election.
A) ...
B) The candidate, having promised both to cut taxes and improve services,
C) Although the candidate made promises both to cut taxes and improve services, he
D) Having promised, first, to cut taxes and, second, to improve services, the candidate
E) The candidate's promises were both to cut taxes and improve services, he</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Is there any difference between A and C? I think D seems fine, but it's too long and doesn't have the "although", so it may distort the relationship between the 2 clauses.</p>
<ol>
<li>Now that Michiko [finished] the research, she feels [reasonably confident] [about writing] her paper on the [rise of] the progressive movement in the US. [No error]</li>
</ol>
<p>Thanks a lot!</p>