Well, apparently at Yale part of the solution these days is to have an experienced AO run though a lot of applications much more quickly to sort out which ones really have a chance. Then the ones they see as having a chance are sent to regional readers who can spend more time with them, and then they can be discussed at greater length in committee, and so on.
I think another part of the solution, at least at Yale, is basically to hold the applicant responsible for highlighting what they should really be focusing on. They didn’t put it quite this starkly, but when I was listening to them talk about essays, recommendations, activity descriptions, and so on, it just seemed really clear to me that they are basically relying on all that to help them focus their review.
I think I have mentioned this before, but an analogy I like (not theirs, I should note) is I think sometimes people in situations like this basically hand someone a bag of Lego bricks and hope the target will figure out for themselves how to assemble those Lego bricks into something cool.
But they don’t have time for that, you need to give them the simple pictures that show how these bricks go together to make an X-Wing Fighter. Or a Zoo. Or a Bulldozer. Or a Harry Potter scene. Or whatever.
And the confusing thing to many is there is no one Lego set that gets admitted, and hence no one particular bag of bricks you need.
But, you very likely need to give these poor readers a good idea of what the bricks can build. If not, they will likely not admit you.
That analogy may or may not be helpful, but the point is I think it is pretty clear you need to be making it easy on these readers to understand what handful of things really makes you someone they should want to admit, and not just throw a bunch of stuff at them and hope they figure it out for themselves.