<p>Vesicles from ER enter the Golgi through its cis face. It Golgi they become modified and exit it thought the trans face.</p>
<p>PS. cis and trans names are also used to call the isomers of the molecule. Correct me if I’m wrong.</p>
<p>Can someone explain to me embryonic development in humans?</p>
<p>Deuterostomes… is all I remember from the top of my head. Also, I know that our anus develops before the mouth (our teacher made a BIG emphasis on that lol) I need to review this also. So, I second that!!</p>
<p>What is difference between cytokine and leukine? I am really confused, my teacher skipped Immune System, Nervous System, and Reproduction System…is this bad? Also has any of your teacher skip any topic?</p>
<p>In Cliff’s in the plant section they talk about Pfr and Pr and hot they affect the plant. Does anybody understand this and is able to translate it for me into ENGLISH?</p>
<p>we did all of those s-ms in like 2 days without being tested on them. Apperently they think it’s unimportant. I would recommend to selfstudy those. You still got some time</p>
<p>pfr and pr just refer to the type of light recieved by the plant. pfr is far red (fr) and pr is just red (r). the light is red during the day and far red when the sun is setting. they coordinate a plants circadian rythem, and there are a lot of aspects to them… i know in cliffnotes study book they are described well on the last page of the plants section, im not sure about campbell or barrons though</p>
<p>btw another good structure-function one is the fact that red blood cells have no nuclei so they can have more hemoglobin and thus carry more oxygen</p>
<p>Hey guys I’m self studying AP biology. So far, I have read the Cliffs AP Biology book, and I am currently reviewing it as much as possible. Also, starting friday, i will take some practice exams. Is this enough, or should I go out and borrow a copy of another prep book? Any other tips? thank you very much in advance</p>
<p>Cliffs is enough, but I would recommend the Campbell textbook (if you have it) for some topics. Good luck!</p>
<p>Do you think it’s possible for me to get a 4 without the textbook? What topics do you think are not well-explained in the Cliffs? Thanks.</p>
<p>The Cliffs book is pretty good for everything in my opinion, but it lacks some diagrams, and I found it hard to get clarification on many topics. Im currently using bozemanbiology’s youtube videos, they are excellent. </p>
<p>There are still a few concepts I don’t get, can someone explain these to me?
- for the immune system, what exactly do B-cells do? I mean, how do they get activated by helper T-cells, I thought they were activated by antigens? Also, what exactly are antibodies for?
- for photosynthesis/cellular respiration, how in depth should our knowledge be?
- I followed the derivation for the Hardy-Weinburg equations, and they make sense to be, but I don’t understand why it wouldn’t hold for all populations (it made basic assumptions, like how allelic frequencies should add up to one, and things like that). </p>
<p>Thank you so much!</p>
<p>@math117</p>
<ol>
<li><p>So basically, to my knowledge, B Cells participate in what’s called humoral immunity. When a B cell meets its receptor antigen, it gets activated by the interleukin (sp?) from the helper T cell. Then, it differentiates into a plasma cell and a memory cell. The plasma cell makes antibodies, which attach to the same type of antigen. The memory cell keeps the antibodies on its surface, incase the antigen comes back into the body, allowing for a quicker response. Antibodies are basically a way for a cell to recognize antigens, each specific antibody corresponds to a certain type of antigen.</p></li>
<li><p>You should know them pretty well. There’s no need to know every step in glycolysis, but you should know that in the 3rd step, phosphofructokinase is inhibited by ATP (allowing for feedback inhibition). Just major stuff like that.</p></li>
<li><p>Well the requirements of Hardy-Weinburg are…</p>
<ul>
<li>No natural selection. Ok, if there was natural selection, then the population would change based on the environment, and not based only on allele frequencies.</li>
<li>No genetic drift. If there was genetic drift, some alleles could potentially be lost when they get eliminated, whether it be through the Founders effect, etc. This would change the allele frequencies in a non-random way.</li>
<li>No genetic flow. This is similar to genetic drift, sort of. If more alleles come in/leave, then the frequencies would change in a non-random way, so the equation wouldn’t work.</li>
<li>Random mating. Think about it. Does our population follow H-W equilibrium? No, because we choose mates based on others things… and its not (usually) random. This changes the allele frequencies in a non-random way</li>
<li>No mutations. If there were, this would change the allele frequencies in an unpredictible way, so the equation wouldn’t work.</li>
</ul></li>
</ol>
<p>Hope that helps!</p>
<p>I have a question on the fruit fly lab, will somebody please explain the chi square and some of the other aspects of the lab. I vaguely remember doing it in the class, but not enough to understand it.</p>
<p>What specifically about chi squared? Just how its done or how to interpret it/what it means?</p>
<p>So I guess I should start studying…</p>
<p>Should we know something like the RAAS system in detail for the AP Bio exam?</p>
<p>I’ve taken the 06-07 m/c and got a 4(almost 5) and on the 1999 one I got a 4-5
however I am worried about the fact we have to self study plants, evolution, and reproductive (our teacher literally said don’t bother they don’t care about it). </p>
<p>Any hints from past test takers?</p>
<p>i’m so screwed for the frq’s…omg.</p>
<p>I took real practice exams and consistently got >90%, so technically I wouldn’t need to do the FRQs to get a 5. But apparently, I read that the highest you can get is a 4 if you don’t attempt the free response. Too bad XDD Learning plant biology is really important to increase MC score, so if you’re looking for extra points, go for organism/plant biology.</p>