<p>The 21st century obsession of Chinese empire building</p>
<p>China's drive to be an imperialist nation started in 1949, when it has occupied by force Tibet and Eastern Turkistan. Later, after a few years, it absorbed Manchuria and Mongolia as gifts from Stalin. However, that has not stopped the appetite of China.</p>
<p>In 1962, China invaded India. China occupies about 10 per cent of the State of Jammu and Kashmir. In 1964, China invaded the USSR, in 1979 Vietnam. It has already taken over the Spartley Island, a potentially rich island with petroleum and natural gas, which belongs to Vietnam. Now it is preparing for the invasion of Taiwan.</p>
<p>In 1949, Kuomintang forces of Chiang-Kei-Seik defeated by Mao-Tse-Tung invaded Formosa, and massacred the local population, who are not ethnic Chinese but a mixed population of Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese, and the indigenous proto-Malays. Machu Empire of China has ruled Taiwan only for eight years between 1887 and 1895. Otherwise, it was never a part of China. However, now China claims that Formosa, renamed as
Taiwan, is an inalienable part of China and China wants to reclaim it as soon as possible. History cannot support that Chinese claim.</p>
<p>History of Taiwan and China's claim</p>
<p>China has no continuous history as a nation state. Before 1279, only the central part of what is China today, was Chinese, i.e., inhabited by the Chin or Han Chinese tribe. China is still called in Japan Chugoku or the Middle Kingdom. During 1279 to 1368, China was a part of the Mongolian Empire, and it ceased to exist as a sovereign state.</p>
<p>From 1368 to 1644, China had the Ming Dynasty of the Chin or Han Chinese tribe. At that time, Taiwan was occupied first by the Dutch and then by the Portuguese. For a brief period from 1645 to 1662, a half-Japanese general of the Ming Dynasty, Tei Seiko, after being driven from China by the invading Manchus from the north, occupied Taiwan. However, soon Portuguese regained control of the island , which they had renamed as Formosa, or the beautiful island.</p>
<p>During the Qing Dynasty of the Machu Emperors (1644-1912), the Manchurians, not the Han Chinese, ruled the land. The main argument of Sun Yat Sen, who had proclaimed China as a republic by driving out the Manchu Emperor China Pu Yi in 1912 was that Pei Yui was not a Chinese but a Machu.</p>
<p>The Manchurian government of China managed Taiwan for just that brief period of timefrom 1887, when it reluctantly adopted the island as one of its provinces (Sheng), to 1895, when it gladly ceded it to Japan. Despite earlier attempts by the Dutch and Spaniards to colonize parts of the island, it was regarded during the Ming Dynasty of China as barbarous, disease-infested, and dangerous, as it was inhabited by ferocious head hunting tribes. When the Machu Empire ceded Taiwan to Japan in 1895, China had forfeited its rights to the island permanently or until the signing of another international treaty.</p>
<p>Defeated in its war with France, Machu Empire gave up its control over Vietnam (Annam) in 1885; defeated in its war with Japan, it allowed Korea to become a sovereign, rather than tributary nation in 1895. Not once has Communist China claimed either Vietnam or Korea as part of its territory. Then how can Tiawan be an inalienable part of China, when effectively Taiwan was never a part of China, except for eight years from 1887 to 1895?</p>
<p>The present-day Beijing government claims that the 1943 Cairo Declaration and the 1945 Potsdam Declaration recognised China's sovereignty over Taiwan. That is not factually correct. Cairo Declaration adds nothing new on the question of Chinese territorial sovereignty. Furthermore, both Cairo and Potsdam declarations were not valid international treaty but to quote Justice Radha Binod Pal, a "victor's justice", where Japan never took any part. The subsequent 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty in which Japan formally renounced "all right, title and claim to Formosa" was also not a valid international treaty because Japan was then still under the occupation of the United States and could not take part as a sovereign nation, as required by any international treaty.</p>
<p>The People's Republic of China, which came into being in 1949, was at war with the United Nations in 1951 over Korea and wasn't invited to sign the San Francisco treaty; nor was the Republic of China or Kuomintang for its inability to represent China. Accordingly, to follow the UN principle of self-determination, Taiwan belongs only to Taiwanese people; it cannot be a part of China according to the laws regarding international treaty until Japan now renounces its entire claim in a fresh international treaty as a sovereign nation. That is the crux of the problem between China and Japan. That is the exact reason for the current animosity of China towards Japan, which has so far refused to accept Taiwan as a part of China, but recognises the independence of the Taiwanese people.</p>
<p>Are Taiwanese Chinese or not?</p>
<p>From the anthropological point of view, only 14 per cent of the 22 million people of Taiwan today are pure Chinese who came along with Chiang-Kei-Seik in 1949. The rest are either the indigenous Taiwanese related to the Malay races or a mixture of Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch. During the time of the Ming Dynasty (1368 to 1644) large-scale migration from China took place but only Chinese men came to Taiwan as the migrations of the females to Taiwan, a barbarian area considered by the Han Chinese, were forbidden by both the Ming and the Manchu emperors of China. Thus, the majority was the mixture of Chinese men and local proto-Malay women, not pure Chinese in any way.</p>
<p>Japan during its rule from 1895 to 1945 has promoted interracial mixture of Japanese and the local people as a means to wipe out separate Taiwanese identity, the Kuomintang forces, after their defeat in 1949, came to Taiwan along with thousands of Mainland Chinese. They committed large-scale massacres of the local people during 1950s and imposed a draconian dictatorial rule over Taiwan until very recently. These minority Kuomintang Chinese are the most vocal for the
unification of Taiwan with China. The majority of local population, only after they had democracy a few years ago, have started asserting their rights very recently as a separate nationality from the Chinese and now calling for an independent status for Taiwan, which China resents.</p>
<p>The Kuomintang Chinese and China have the identical opinion that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China, which the local people dismiss as a part of the China's imperialistic policy, which has already absorbed both Tibet and Eastern Turkistan (in Chinese called Xingkiang), both independent countries until 1949, but were colonised by China.</p>