Biology 2010 Prep

<p>Well for the course you should use the textbook you were given at the start of the year. For my class our tests are based on questions from the Campbell book or the Teacher random question generator.</p>

<p>

</p>

<p>I agree with IndianJatt’s recommendations. The two major genetic defects regarding aneuploidy (genome with an abnormal number of chromosomes) are certainly worth noting, particular Down Syndrome and Turner Syndrome. In addition, I would recommend referencing point mutuations and Prader-Willi Syndrome.</p>

<p>I also concur with Harambee’s endorsement of the CliffsNotes AP Biology manual.</p>

<p>An additional question:</p>

<p>[ul] [li]Which of the following best expresses the concept of the word “allele”?[/li][list] <a href=“A”></a> Genes for wrinkled and yellow
<a href=“B”>
</a> Genes for wrinkled and round
<a href=“C”></a> The expression of a gene
<a href=“D”>
</a> Phenotype
<a href=“E”>*</a> Mutations [/ul][/list]</p>

<p>Well its not (E) because alleles are the variations of a gene although they can result from mutations
Its not (D) because an allele can me masked (epistasis)
Its not (C) expressing a gene is transcription, translation, and all that good stuff
Its not (A) because wrinkle and yellow are both alleles of separate genes</p>

<p>Our winner is (B) Wrinkled and round are the two variations of the gene that codes for seed shape (Mendel’s peas pg. 254 in Cambell and Reece)</p>

<p>Excellent reasoning; you are correct.</p>

<p>lol, the question was for your benefit not mine :P</p>

<p>No mifune knows the question he just puts it out there for everyone for review. The questions here are usually known by the people who ask them.</p>

<p>Here’s another question for review:</p>

<p>DNA replication requires all of the following EXCEPT?</p>

<p> [ul]
<a href=“A”></a> primase
<a href=“B”>
</a> helicase
<a href=“C”></a> DNA polymerase
<a href=“D”>
</a> topoisomerase
<a href=“E”>*</a> small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs)[/ul]</p>

<p>(d)-------</p>

<p>E; topoisomerase is used to wind and unwind DNA, while snRNPs are essentially available to remove introns.</p>

<p>***… I never heard of topio and it’s part of DNA replication. And isn’t DNA helicase for unwinding and ligase for attaching.</p>

<p>Yep, topio is part of replication but snrnp’s don’t seem to be.</p>

<p>snRNPs are important in protein synthesis because during mRNA processing, they are the enzymes in the spliceosome that splice introns (intervening sequences) off of the mRNA. snRNPs are not, however, important in DNA replication.</p>

<p>^Yes, certainly.</p>

<p>Here’s another:</p>

<p>[ul] [li] Which of the following contents of HIV is most vital for the ability of HIV to insert its genomic data into the genome of the host?[/li][list] <a href=“A”></a> A spherical capsid
<a href=“B”>
</a> Single stranded DNA, rather than double stranded
<a href=“C”></a> Both DNA and RNA
<a href=“D”>
</a> Reverse transcriptase
<a href=“E”>*</a> Helicase [/ul][/list]</p>

<p>hmm, tough one</p>

<p>not (A) because the capsid assists in it entering the cell
not (B) Single stranded DNA, because it would not pair up with the double stranded DNA of a Cell
not (C) Both DNA and RNA, don’t see how this would help and most viruses have one or the other. HIV is DNA correct?
do not think its (D) reverse transcriptase, because going from RNA->DNA essentially gives you the same option as C</p>

<p>(E) Helicase, would have to be my guess so the DNA would become unwound and the HIV’s DNA would be inserted</p>

<p>Close guess, but it is (D), actually. HIV is an RNA virus, so knowing this fact would make the question far easier to answer. HIV requires reverse transcriptase to convert its genomic data into DNA, which can then be transcribed and translated by the host. The fact that HIV is an RNA virus can eliminate B, C, and E, which all pertain to HIV as if it were a DNA virus. A, for the reason Curtislee provides, is nonsensical in the context of the question.</p>

<p>Review Question:</p>

<p>* What is the central dogma of molecular biology? *</p>

<p>The central dogma is DNA -> RNA -> Proteins. :slight_smile: DNA forms RNA through transcription and RNA forms proteins through translation.</p>

<p>What are the differences between the humoral and cellular immune response?</p>

<p>

</p>

<p>Those are definitely two processes that are worth distinguishing. I will repost what I wrote back on page four:</p>

<p>*"The essential difference between the two is that the cell-mediated response does not involve antibodies or any complement systems that help to eradicate pathogens from the organism. Basically, the cell-mediated response is controlled by T cells which detect any changes in cells.</p>

<p>The humoral response (antibody-mediated response) targets the pathogens themselves, not the cells that they may affect. This is controlled by the B cells."*</p>