Last Minute AP Biology Help.

Test Preparation AP Test Preparation
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<p>So we didnt even finish the class, were just reviewing stuff we really dont need. Also ive been reading out of the clifffs book and ONLY because im cool with my assistant principal and we ordered them for my class. My teacher is new and she doesnt know much first year teaching an AP =/.</p>

<p>Ive noticed most of the questions have to deal with classification and orders etc...
IS there anything I MUST study to get most of those type of questions right?</p>

<p>I feel very confident in Genetics (punnet sq. etc..), SOME evolution (such as darwins theories, hardy wein etc..), Photosynthesis pretty confident as well as DNA replication, cell cycle and that stuff.</p>

<p>We have NOT however reviewed animals and classes and all that, and if we did it was very breif and only because it was lab -based. I mean all i honestly know is King Phillip COmes out for good sports Lol. Nothing about ferns, hydrozoans, stem all that stuff.</p>

<p>any advice / help?</p>

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<p>My AP Bio class hasn't done any of the classification/animal/plant stuff either... it seems to be a widespread condition :(</p>

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<p>dam, i really dont know whats going on, some teachers really need to better prepare if there responsibilities are to teach highest level courses in high school. Im not blaming them 100% its also our fault for not looking ahead, but i mean someone like me can only understand so much from a book.</p>

<p>anyone with good suggestions?</p>

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<p>chat room?</p>

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<p>is there one?</p>

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<p>Can we start that thing where someone asks a question and someone else answers? I saw it in world history or something...</p>

<p>Q. What plant hormones are most influential in seed germination?</p>

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<p>gibberellins and ABA.</p>

<p>Yeah keep these question coming as quickly as possible...
Maybe someone should do a chatroom of sort?</p>

<p>Why is T-Cell immune response called cell mediated response?</p>

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<p>yaay someone else is joining!
Haha but I'm screeeeeewed I just learned about the immune system too.
I'll say...
A. Because the T-cell response is mediated by a phagocytic cell that presents the antigen to a helper T-cell which then results in an immune response. Hey, atleast I'm getting some practice at BS'ing/trying to work my way through things...</p>

<p>Q. What is the difference between CAM and C3 photosynthesis?</p>

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<p>Okay, lets see if I remember. Isn't it because lymphocytes/phagocytes have to present the t-cells with something (can't remember) which starts the response and the t-cells then get other cells involved, such as the killer T-cells. I think. I read this chapter a week and a half or so and am not reviewing until the weekend. (And I am not using my book to answer this...). Anyone have the right answer?</p>

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<p>Cool, that's what i got. CAM is a desert mod. and opens the stomata at night to collect CO2 and synthesize it into acids which they break up during the day in light-dependent photosynthesis. </p>

<p>Explain how kidneys, regulate osmolarity of the blood and water levels. (ADH, and that other chemical...)</p>

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<p>Oops, double post. May I join?</p>

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<p>Why not? Want to start by answering/posing a question?</p>

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<p>Okay: A: Antidiuretic hormone is released by the hypothalamus, and controls the nephron tubule, when salt/blood concentration is too high, permeability of the tubule increases, and more water can be reabsorbed into the body. </p>

<p>Q: Compare/Contrast protosomes/deuterosomes in terms of development.</p>

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<p>^ Isn't ADH made by the hypothalamus, but released by the anterior pituitary gland? And vasopression/aldosterone is the other hormone that controls how much salt is reabsorbed back into the body. </p>

<p>Q: Compare/Contrast protosomes/deuterosomes in terms of development.</p>

<p>In protosomes, the blastopore becomes the mouth, where in deuterosomes, the blastopore becomes the anus. </p>

<p>Q: Describe the complete lifecycle of a moss.</p>

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<p>Do you remember what the other hormone was? I can't remember its name.</p>

<p>A: Protosomes (all animals sans mammals and echinoderms) are unevenly divided in blastosphere phase (diagonally?) and their blastopore becomes a mouth and the secondary opening becomes the anus.</p>

<p>The deuterosomes are evenly cleaved (radially) and include chordates (humans) and echinoderms. Their blastopores become an anus and the secondary the mouth. Otherwise they are the same. (Ecto-, Meso-, and Endoderm).</p>

<p>Q: Talk about (compare/contrast) the different types of behaviors. (I am so rusty at these. I just go by prior knowledge. These include instinct, habituation, etc...)</p>

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<p>A moss? Off the top of my head (no internet/book)? Oh crap....</p>

<p>Mosses are bryophytes, right? Then they are gametophyte (n, right?) dominant, while the sporophyte stage is barely there (2n). Sporophytes release spores through meiosis and the spores become gametophytes. Somewhere in there, fertilization occurs and most be done on a wet surface, hence mosses are not tall. The fertilization is responsible for the tiny sporophyte. God I botched that.</p>

<p>Q: Describe DNA replication.</p>

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<p>^ My teacher told us specifically to memorize the lifecycle of mosses, ferns, conifers, and angiosperms. It could come up as an essay question. </p>

<p>Q: Describe DNA replication.</p>

<p>Hm.. Let's see what I remember. First, DNA helicase unzips the DNA at "replication points". In eukaryotes, there are thousand of replication points. When the DNA unzips, "replication bubbles" are formed and kept by DNA topomerase (I think..). Starting from the 5' end, DNA Polymerase begins adding nucleotides to each strand. </p>

<p>The leading strand is the strand that continuously gets nucleotides added (it forms towards the replication bubble). The lagging strand is the strand that forms away from the replication bubble, and it is formed in pieces called Okazaki fragments. </p>

<p>Hm.. I remember something about RNA primers. I think RNA primers first transcribe pieces of RNA, and then DNA polymerase begins the process of replication. ;/ I forgot. </p>

<p>In the end though, DNA ligase joins all the Okazaki fragments. [I need to review this again].</p>

<p>Q. Name the functions of xylem and phloem, and specifically, what they are made of.</p>

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<p>Well, was I right? Oh, and RNA is transcription, not replication (we, as a semester class, only did genes, cells, p-syn, etc. Can you tell? ). Okazaki fragments are melded together by ligase. You were probably thinking of transcription and transcription factors, primers, etc. Remember to keep them straight. Topomerase sounds wrong but I have no clue what it is. (Edit: You were almost right. They are called DNA topoisomerases. And he primers are in replication, and are used to start replication. The rest is DNA. They are joined by primase. My bad.)</p>

<p>A: Great. More animal/plant stuff I suck at. Well xylem is for transporting water throughout the plant and phloem is for transporting nutrients and such.
Water is moved through adhesion to walls, cohesion, and is pulled when water transpires through the leaves. Ummm.... one is made of tracheids and one of vessel elements. I'll have to look it up. Darn. Okay vessel elements are xylem and ... oops both are xylem and they are alive and make bark when they expand outward. </p>

<p>The companion cells are the components of phloem and are not alive, but have live cells (companions) next to them. As I said, I plan to review this weekend, as I have lit Thursday an took Stats today.</p>

<p>Q: Describe the life cycle of viruses. (The lytic (and the other [dormant] one!) thing. Again rusty...)</p>

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<p>(I just looked and my book says that ADH is released by the posterior pituitary)</p>

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<p>^ Sorry, ADH is released by the posterior pituitary gland. I got the anterior and posterior confused. ;/</p>

<p>To machinegungeek:</p>

<p>Mhm, I think you got the basics down for the lifecycle of the mosses. </p>

<p>Mm, I know that RNA is transcription. RNA Primer, however, has to do DNA replication. I went online and did a search, since I couldn't remember exactly what they were used for in replication and found this:</p>

<p>
[quote]
A primer is a strand of nucleic acid that serves as a starting point for DNA replication. They are required because the enzymes that catalyze replication, DNA polymerases, can only add new nucleotides to an existing strand of DNA. The polymerase starts replication at the 3'-end of the primer, and copies the opposite strand..</p>

<p>In most cases of natural DNA replication, the primer for DNA synthesis and replication is a short strand of RNA.

[/quote]
</p>

<p>I actually also need to review plants ;]. I took Stats today also, but I have no other AP Exams besides Bio on Monday, so I will start cramming tomorrow. Your description of Xylem and Phloem sounds about right. </p>

<p>Q: Describe the life cycle of viruses. (The lytic (and the other [dormant] one!) thing. Again rusty...)</p>

<p>The lytic life cycle of viruses involve the virus attaching onto its host, and sending its DNA/nucleic acid (and the other materials that are encessary for its self-assembly) into the host cell. Once inside the cell, the separate viruses self-assemble and replicate to form thousands of new viruses. These then burst through the cell, lysing it in the process. (Not a very thorough description, as I also need more review on this). </p>

<p>The lysogenic cycle involves the virus incorporating its DNA into the host cell's DNA, and lying dormant for an unspecified amount of time. Then, after a period of time, something will cause the virus to 'activie' (it may be a change in temperature, change in pH, etc). Active, these viruses basically carry out the lytic cycle, and lyse the cell. </p>

<p>Name the nine phylums and how these organisms exchange gas/nutrients with the environment.</p>