Here is the link to the documents: http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap09_frq_world_history.pdf
Some Africans were peaceful in their reaction to foreigners invading their lands, and others took drastic measures, such as violence. Some of those who took the peaceful path even ended up in the end becoming violent because they were treated with little respect.
Many African rulers agreed to sign into order the Royal Niger Company to help develop the Niger delta for Britain around the area they ruled. In this document they say they will not be violent and will not use violence. The Royal Niger Company then agreed to repercussions for damage done (doc 1). The kingdom of Ashanti did not sign any kind of form, however they were peaceful in their ways, and “remain as of old and at the same time remain friendly with all white people”. (doc 2). Although some did sign themselves over to the British, they all remained peaceful.
Some tribes in Africa were peaceful at first, but then turned to violence. Ndansi Kumalo stated that they surrendered to the white people and when they went home, they were treated terribly. Although at first they were peaceful, they started to fight back and rebel from the British, who used their guns and force on them. (doc 4). The Herero people were under Germany leadership, and they were being mistreated too, as seen by someone being shot everyday unjustly. In this letter, Samuel Maherero calls for war and freedom, and to stop the violence against their tribes. (doc 7). These tribes were peaceful at first, but then turned to violence because of mistreatment.
In Ethiopia, they always remained free and were predominately Christian. The emperor of Ethiopia writes that they will not surrender and will not be taken under European leadership, under any cost, and Jesus will defend them. The emperor of Ethiopia was concerned with the protection of their faith, because it was his duty to protect his people and their belief above all. European influence would have threatened this duty (doc 3). In the painting in document 5 it is shown that Ethiopia was victorious over the Italian peoples. They used many advantages over them, such as being in their homeland. This painting is probably inaccurate because it is painted by an Ethiopian painter, who would probably make the Ethiopians look better than they maybe were, even though they won. (doc 5). The Ashanti queen talked to the male chiefs about how the British were treating them, taking away their king, and how they may not be brave anymore. She states that if they will not fight, the women will. (doc 6). The people of Maji Maji rebelled against the Germans. The German officer stated the people claimed to have a magic medicine that would protect them from anything and give them good harvest, which gave them a reason to not listen to the Germans and to rebel. (doc 8). An African chief’s people battled, and even when they ran the white men continued to shoot. They returned to their village to find everything decimated, which is when the chief says white men have to be wicked to take away their land (doc 9).
During the Scramble for Africa, some tribes went peacefully, others used violence right away, and some started out peaceful and then turned to violence. They saw first hand how Europeans treated them and they would not stand for it any longer. A document that would be helpful would be one that gave the point of view of the British and African mercenaries at the battle on the Congo River to help find out why they would not stop shooting even after the people retreated and ran into the woods.