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According to the Shanghai ranking of world universities, which is purely based on objective criteria, not surveys, MIT received a score of 66 on publication in Nature and Science (Harvard being 100), 73 on Nobel-Prize winning alumni (Harvard 100), 80 on Nobel Prize winning faculty (Harvard 100), 67 on highly cited researchers (Harvard 100), and 62 on Science Citation Index (Harvard 100).
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<p>First off, these are not particularly 'objective' criteria. As has been stated by others, Harvard simply has more science profs than MIT does, particularly when you includes all of the profs at Harvard Medical School. </p>
<p>Harvard has also simply been an established research school for a lot longer time. MIT didn't become a true research school until WW2, and before that, MIT was basically just a trade school. Pre-war Harvard alumni would go on to win a slew of Nobels. Nobody disputes that Harvard was an unequivocally better science school than MIT was before WW2. But that's not particularly relevant today. For example, do you really think it's relevant to a modern comparison that Percy Bridgman, who won the Nobel in Physics, got his PhD from Harvard in 1910, back when MIT was still a small poverty-stricken trade school? Does that really matter today? That's almost a century ago. Yet Jiao Tong still credits that guy's Nobel in its methodology. Honestly, if you are trying to judge schools today, who really cares about what happened a century ago? It is true that 100 years ago, MIT's PhD programs weren't that good. But who cares about that these days? Are you going to choose not to go to a particular program today just because it was bad 100 years ago? </p>
<p>Another example is Economics. MIT didn't even have a PhD Economics program until 1941 and didn't grant graduate degrees of any kind until 1937. By that time, Harvard was already an established economics research powerhouse. For example, Wassily Leontief joined the Harvard Economics faculty in 1932 (and would later win the Nobel in Economics in 1973 for work he did at Harvard). He couldn't really have joined MIT because MIT didn't even really have a true research-oriented economics program at the time he was looking for a position. Similarly, Bertil Ohlin, winner of the Nobel in 1977, got his MA in Economics from Harvard in 1923, so he's considered a "Nobel-prize winning alumni". He couldn't have gotten his MA from MIT because, like I said, MIT didn't even offer graduate economics degrees. </p>
<p>So again, nobody disputes that Harvard had a better economics graduate program in the old days, for the simple reason that MIT didn't even have a grad econ program in the old days. But I fail to see why that is relevant to today. But Jiao Tong seems to think it is relevant. </p>
<p>Let's take a look at the "highly cited researcher" category of Jiao Tong. I got so curious about this that I investigated the methodology. As can be seen in the footnotes, Jiao Tong relies on the the Thompson Highly Cited website (<a href="http://www.isihighlycited.com)%5B/url%5D">http://www.isihighlycited.com)</a>. If you actually fool around on that website, you will see that "Harvard University" and "MIT" actually have the exact same number of highly cited profs - 73. </p>
<p>What puts Harvard over the top is that Harvard also includes categories such as "Harvard Medical School", "Harvard Law School", "Harvard School of Public Health", etc. You add up all of these people in addition to "Harvard University", and you get a number that is much larger than MIT. For example, "Harvard Medical School" alone has 47 highly cited researchers, which is almost 65% of the total for "Harvard University". But what does that really mean? All that really means is that Harvard has a bunch of professional schools (especially a medical school) that MIT doesn't have. Well, OF COURSE if you have a bunch of extra professional schools, you're going to get more cited. Basically, what it really means is that Jiao Tong is punishing MIT for not having a medical school or a public health school. </p>
<p><a href="http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2006/ARWU2006Methodology.htm%5B/url%5D">http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2006/ARWU2006Methodology.htm</a>
<a href="http://hcr3.isiknowledge.com/browse_author.pl?link1=Browse&link2=Results&value=Harvard+Medical+School&submit=INSTITUTION&page=0%5B/url%5D">http://hcr3.isiknowledge.com/browse_author.pl?link1=Browse&link2=Results&value=Harvard+Medical+School&submit=INSTITUTION&page=0</a></p>
<p>So, really, there you have it. Nobody disputes that Harvard has been a major research school for a longer time, and started churning out Nobel Prize winners (alumni and faculty) long before MIT did. But that's not relevant to make a comparison RIGHT NOW. Furthermore, we all agree that Harvard is a better place to study medicine or public health, for the simple reason that MIT doesn't even have a medical school or public health school. So if you want to say that Harvard is better in the life sciences for that reason, well, then yeah, it's hard to dispute that. But I don't think that's what we're really talking about here. </p>
<p>The point is, in a fair apples-to-apples comparison, I don't see any reason to believe that either Harvard or MIT is really 'better' than the other in terms of science.</p>