<p>Having both a Nov and Jan deadline usually means you are talking about a school that has early action (EA) or early decision (ED), which have the Nov deadline, and then regular admission (RA) which has the Jan deadline. ED is binding -- if you apply early and get admitted early, you must attend that school and withdraw all other applications. EA is non-binding -- get accepted early but you can still then apply regular elsewhere and don't have to decide where to go until all decisions are in. You should not apply ED unless you are sure that is a school you want to attend. As to advantages or disadvantages: (a) most colleges with EA or ED say it does not really create an advantage over the RA applicants, (b) however, as to ED, most believe, probably correctly, that is BS because admission rates show the schools generally admit ED candidates at significantly higher rates than they admit RA; (b) with EA, it is a mixed bag, some admit at higher rates than RA others come close to RA rate. </p>
<p>There may or may not be some other advantages to applying early, depending on college. For most there will likely not be other advantages but you need to check coleges websites for any; for example, the college may have some scholarships that go only to those who apply by the Nov deadline; another example, some may follow a housing priority rule of first come first serve and thus those who get in housing apps early, which usually can be submitted soon after you have been accepted, are more likely to get their choice of housing than those who apply for housing later.</p>
<p>As to Rutgers in particular, you have a form of the above. They don't call it EA but a "priority date" application for which you get response before those who apply after the priority date. This is close to EA and at Rutgers applying early does create some advantage to getting admitted over later applicants. Moreover, I believe it follows the first come first served housing rule. Not sure about scholarships. (Also note, that I think the priority date is often in October not November)</p>