<p>To clear things up, in voltaic cells, the oxidation (anode) has a negative charge, even though e- are going away.</p>
<p>In a voltaic cell, the cathode is positive, and the anode is negative. It’s the opposite in an electrolytic cell. All that varies “from experiment to experiment” is the type of cell that is used/created. </p>
<p>In a voltaic cell, cations flow toward the cathode where they are reduced, thus accepting the electrons contained in this electrode and becoming cations. This is why the voltaic cathode is positive. Anions flow toward the anode, where they lose electrons and are oxidized, thus giving the anode a negative charge. Note, however, that the mention of “charges” in this context really has very little meaning, because there is a continuous flow of electrons throughout the cell (otherwise, there would be no production of electricity and no reactions that take place) and neither of the electrodes carries an actual charge. </p>
<p>In an electrolytic cell, however, a current is run through the circuit, and the charges of the electrodes are reversed. Though reduction and oxidation continue to take place at the cathode and anode, respectively, the charge of the cathode is negative because the external source of energy reverses the normal flow of electrons. This is what allows naturally unspontaneous reactions, such as the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen gases, to take place in electrolytic cells.</p>
<p>In a voltaic cell, the anode is the source of the circuit’s electrons. It has to be negative. Electrons flow from the cathode into the anode, maintaining its negative charge. When an external source of energy is added, electrons are made to flow from the anode to the cathode. Electrons continue to be deposited on the anode from the anions in solution, but these are drawn to the cathode by the external source of energy.</p>
<p>Thanks alot, Mr. Senior Member Jamesford!</p>
<p>"43. Consider the following orderings and decide which of them give(s) a correct trend in ionization energy:</p>
<p>I. Al < Si < P < Cl
II. Be < Mg < Ca < Sr
III. I < Br < Cl < F
IV. Na+ < Mg2+ < Al3+ < Si4+</p>
<p>(A) I only<br>
(B) III only<br>
(C) I and II only<br>
(D) I and IV only<br>
(E) I, III, and IV only </p>
<p>E is not the correct answer. You should have selected D.
Explanation</p>
<p>Statement I lists elements from the same period, avoiding the p4 anomaly, so it indeed represents a correct general trend: increasing Zeff corresponds with increasing ionization energy. Statement II is backward since IE decreases as you move down a family, and III is backward for the same reason. The ions listed in statement IV all have helium’s electron configuration, so their IE depends solely on the Zeff; the order is correct since the Zeff’s increase in the series."</p>
<p>I still don’t understand why statement three is false? It says the pattern is backward, but looking at my periodic table it doesn’t seem that way. Help?</p>
<p>E is right, that is a typo by sparknotes.</p>
<p>Alright, so anyone know a good site that will cover any type of descriptive/environmental chem that they can throw at us tomorrow? Thanks</p>
<p>Oh man, I’m back from the test center :D</p>
<p>gasp, how’d you think you do?</p>
<p>oh wow already? I’m taking it in like 12 hours… lol… but ill be sleeping</p>
<p>i’ve just taken them also. and good luck for those who haven’t :)</p>
<p>Was it easy? Difficult? Lots of descriptive chemistry?</p>
<p>Good Luck everyone :]</p>
<p>ahhh, just took it.</p>
<p>When is the embargo lifted?</p>
<p>Can anyone tell me what a raw score of 60, 65, and 70 is?</p>
<p>Not yet. 10char</p>
<p>Sooooooooooo easy.</p>
<p>Really. I finished in 35 minutes or so.</p>
<p>I just got home! That seemed absurdly easy. Maybe one or two questions that I wasn’t absolutely certain about. Finished 10 minutes early.</p>
<p>I kind of over-prepared for this to make up for under-preparing for the AP Chem exam =/</p>
<p>haha back from testing =)</p>
<p>as predicted, CE screwed me haha… Like i knew whether each statement was true or false… but not sure if the explanation was adequate -.-'</p>
<p>Damn…can’t believe it. I only had 5 minutes for the last 15 few questions, along with around 5 questions on 2 pages I accidently skipped. </p>
<p>Sure it was easy, but *** I screwed myself…I skipped 5 that were probably really easy. </p>
<p>What do you guys think the curve will be about for a 800?</p>
<p>Edit: Where you from cadillac? Since we both got off around the same time.</p>
<p>Hmm… maybe it was the fact that my testing center was in disarray. I had to move around, change proctors, start 2 hours after I arrived at the test center…</p>
<p>The proctor assigned me to an SAT 1 room. Ha.</p>
<p>The chemistry test went well. Barrons crushed my esteem yet I did well on the test.</p>