I think it’s better if this gets its own thread, questions are more likely to get quick responses.</p>
My big question:</p>
How do I differentiate between Eriksons’ Iniative vs. Guilt and Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stages? These always get me!!</p>
Comment with your own questions, too!</p>
Since each stage is dependent upon the previous, they share many of the same characteristics.</p>
Autonomy vs. Doubt–sense of independence
*Autonomy- positive self, esteem, move towards independence etc.
-Doubt: Self-doubt and low self esteem </p>
Initiative vs. Guilt: balance between spontaneity and restraint
*Begin to show initiative in creating play situations: social responsibility, recognizes rules of others, self-confidence etc.</p>
Group polarization, social efficacy, groupthink. Examples of each, please? </p>
I took the 394-question vocab quiz on quizlet today and saw Erikson’s __ vs. __ things for the first time today…are questions about those prevalent on the exam?</p>
self efficacy- belief in ones skills, can be either optimistic or pessimistic.</p>
group think- usually in groups they shut out any other options and usually make bad decisions. a usual test question asks a way to stop group think and the answer is to have the group has openness to other options.</p>
group polarization- where in a group you make more radical decisions. Such as a buisness wanted to buy 100 shares from an organization that is doing well, but due to group polarization, they buy 500.</p>
and as for eriksons stages, they usually ask if <em>person</em> is in this stage, what fruedian stage are they in, or something along those lines, but they arent that important</p>
Anyone have tips of remembering the Axis levels from the DSM-IV-TR?</p>
I didn’t know we had to remember those, I don’t even know what those are</p>
I’ve seen those in 2 practice tests now.</p>
OMG!!! AHHH!!! no!!! I am taking the test tomorrow and I don’t even know about anything you just asked about!!!</p>
Axis I- most disorders go under here
Axis II- Personaility disorders and mental retardation
Axis III- Physical stuff like diabetes or something
Axis IV- Situations like divorce
Axis V- GAF
it’s a little vague but to the point, lol</p>
I mean I know the basics. I need to know an efficient way of remembering them.</p>
Err…lets try make one up? I mean Axis V is pretty easy, so that can be exempt?</p>
Does anyone have any ideas/predictions for the FRQs??</p>
I heard that 10 out of the past 18 Exams had an FRQ dealing with experimental method</p>
holy crap. what should i cram for tonight? i have some cram sheets but that is about it.</p>
what are some things i should just memeorize? like psychosexual and all?</p>
just list them down please~</p>
April 27Joal Swindells
Did some hard core studying today at Books-a-Million and finished a book on AP Psych. Here are some of my notes:</p>
<em>= important
*</em>= very important</p>
**behavioral perspective - the most frequently asked perspective on the test. About 10 questions should be on it.</p>
job/industrial psychology- talks about jobs and counselling, about 1-2 questions, so be familiar. </p>
*Scientific/ experimental method- 50% of the time, an FRQ is about this.</p>
A positive skew looks like a P on its side, and negative skew is the inverse of P on its side.</p>
*Neuron structures such as axon, dendrite, etc. are always on the test.</p>
*Neurotransmitters- know what the abundance or lack of each causes (disorder-wise)</p>
Major parts of the brain you need to know : corpus collasum, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and the lobes. Everything else should be brief knowledge.</p>
Be able to define transduction, absolute threshold, just noticeable difference, and habituation.</p>
semicircular canals- often overlooked and forgotten, know what it is.</p>
binocular cues- retinal disparity and convergence</p>
Sleep spindles are in Stage 2, and REM is associated with dreaming and is “paradoxical” because it is where you lose muscle control but you eye muscles move rapidly.</p>
*Hilgard- his experiments with hypnosis</p>
alcohol- most abused drug</p>
*Garcia- aversion, and know that he challenges classical conditioning ( know the two ways that he does)</p>
**negative reinforcement- understand its difference from punishment, gets confused often on tests.</p>
Premack Principle- qualifies reinforcement by situation.</p>
Types of conditioning- know who did what: Thorndike, Skinner, Watson, and Pavlov.</p>
*reinforcement schedules- fixed/varible ratio/interval</p>
Kohler- learning, look up the research he did with the chimp, Sultan.</p>
Tolman- latent learning, look up research he did with mice.</p>
Bandura- observational learning- look up Bobo doll.</p>
*Memory- Sensory,short term, long term, procedural, declarative, episodic, semantic, and flashbulb.</p>
Research these people: Ebbinghaus, Loftus, Chomsky, and Whorf. </p>
Retroactive/ proactive interference- think PRoactive interference has PRevious information conflict with new. Retroactive is vise-versa.</p>
Phonemes/ Morphemes- parts of speech/words, think of PM, Phonemes are smaller than Morphemes, thus P precedes M. </p>
**Schema- define, be familiar.</p>
**Hierachy of needs- think PE BES. Physiological needs, Safety, Belonging, Esteem, and Self Actualization.</p>
approach-approach- win-win situation
avoidance-avoidance- lose-lose situation
approach-avoidance- iffy, example: get into a good college, but costs A LOT of money.</p>
Selye- kinda makes steps to fight-or-flight</p>
*Ainsworth- review the Strange Situation.</p>
**Stage Theories- know them. All. Well.</p>
Criticisms of Kohlberg from Gilligan is the female exclusion (refers to the Heinz situation)</p>
** Defense Mechanisms- questions usually give a situation and then asks which one it is.</p>
Locus control- internal- works hard to succeed, external- hopes to get lucky to succeed.</p>
Remember what these people did: Spearman, Sternburg, Gardener, Binet, Weschler.</p>
**Schizophrenia- know the disorder well, different types, and symptoms.</p>
*Wolpe- systematic desensitization (through classical conditioning)</p>
know definition of fundamental attribution, cognitive dissonance and self-serving bias.</p>
**Milgram’s shocking experiment. It’s affects on authority and obedience.</p>
attraction/aggression- very often it is skipped over since it is at the end of most books- however AP writers make a question or two about it.</p>
Superordinate goals- stops discrimination and bad stuff alike.</p>
TROUBLE SPOTS (most mistakes):</p>
-independent/dependent variables
-parts of the brain
-cones/rods
-REM sleep and stages
-negative reinforcement
-functional fixedness- limiting things to its normal use, not thinking, during a storm, that a plastic bad can be used as a makeshift coat.
-availability and representative heuristic
Annddd… thats it, most the stuff you need to study.</p>
I had this typed out already, ahah</p>
should i just go with the barrons 500 words and cram as many as i can?</p>
cause i was looking at the FRQs and the ones i studied(like 150 of them) i could answer right away.</p>
uhm heres the lay out of MC questions:
2-4% on History and approaches
8-10% on Research Methods
8-10% on Biological Bases of Behavior
6-8% on Sensation and Perception
2-4% on States of Consciousness
7-9% on Learning
8-10% on Cognition
6-8% on Motivation and Emotion
7-9% on Developmental Psychology
5-7% on Personality
5-7% on Testing and Individual Differences
7-9% on Treatment
8-10% on Social Psychology
Cram where you see fit.</p>
So you mean just cram every section lol</p>
Lol pretty much, but you can see where you should cram…slower?.. haha idk</p>