<p>I was reading through Collegeboard's new AP Bio Course Description and I noticed that it said this:</p>
<p>Heterotrophs may metabolize carbohydrates, lipids and
proteins by hydrolysis as sources of free energy.
2. Fermentation produces organic molecules, including alcohol
and lactic acid, and it occurs in the absence of oxygen.
✘ Specific steps, names of enzymes and intermediates of the
pathways for these processes are beyond the scope of the course
and the AP Exam.</p>
<p>What exactly are the "specific steps, names of enzymes and intermediates of the pathways" named? I'm curious because I don't think we've ever covered that in my class and that makes me a little worried.</p>