There is room for all the colleges in AL that are doing well. A lot of OOS students are also coming in. AU is regionally pulling students from that geographic area. UA is pulling more students in at a National level, with the use of regional recruiters, scholarships, PR. The trend for N AL students at my students’ school and area schools has been heavier going to AU - I think a lot go where their friends go, older siblings have gone, even parents have gone. My neighbors, both engineers educated at Vanderbilt, liked UA better than AU but their son chose AU. Since his younger sister is doing something agriculture related, she is also at AU. My kids and I have been on AU campus a lot for music things, and never had a strong pull there. One DD liked UAB from the get go and one has always wanted to go to UA.
No need to be concerned for duplication of UG programs that are not hurting each other. UA’s eng or business programs are not hurting AU’s or vice versa.
For many years UAHuntsville had to offer a Master Science Management degree instead of a MBA because AL A & M University (history black land grant school) had a MBA program. They have changed it probably in the last decade, since they had the MSM program for a lot of years instead of the MBA, but in AL, it is much harder to ‘duplicate’ some of the graduate programs. An exception may be UG bio-medical engineering, and that is at UAB due to the medical facilities there and the best place for the program.
I have a nephew that graduated from Iowa State in ChE. I have another nephew at U of Iowa. Iowa also has U of N Iowa, a lesser known school from outsiders. Iowa has 31 colleges, many are small private, but they are there, doing fine. Texas is big enough for all the colleges that are there. TAMU has grown a lot in facilities and with students, in part because they have open land around it; UT is constrained in the city of Austin. TAMU has the largest vet school in the nation, but only in the 1980’s did it add a medical school. At the start of the medical school, it was easier getting into their medical school than their vet school - but students in their medical school have done well on all performance standards.
I know a couple of AL students are going to Clemson - one went there specifically for the packaging engineering degree they offer (not sure if that allows in-state tuition with the common market). Another is going as the mom graduated from there in engineering - haven’t talked to them about specifics. One student who could have had full tuition scholarship at AU or UA is going to UF and paying full OOS costs - her dad graduated from there and the parents are willing to shell out the money (she is a business major).
I know a few recent HS grads that were NMS - one is at Emory, one is at Vanderbilt. One went to TAMU, but would have gone to UA as a second choice (both parents graduated from TAMU). One (who was also Val of class) took a UAH Platinum Award and 4 other scholarships at UAH. One is at AU (they awarded her 10 scholarships, probably a record, starting with the National Scholars Presidential Scholarship, and down to regional winner athletic scholarship - she is also Hispanic; her older sis graduated from AU). That family traveled all over the country with the older sis and student/parents chose AU. That family has another student attending Samford U on scholarship.
As people know that are looking at OOS public schools, a more limited number are more welcoming of OOS students - for admission and merit awards. No need to pull apart what is going on with the colleges in AL. It is what it is.